“…Together, preclinical data in EAE have shown that estriol is acting to decrease microglial activation, induce remyelination, and increase synaptic plasticity (Kim et al., 2018; Ziehn et al., 2012). Further, we have shown that treatment with estrogens and estrogen receptor ligands prevented both cortical and cerebellar GM atrophy by MRI, which correlated with preserving axons, neurons, and synapses in EAE (Itoh et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2018; MacKenzie‐Graham et al., 2012). Consistent with this, treatment with estrogens has been associated with neuroprotection in mouse models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease (Bode et al., 2008; Morissette, Al Sweidi, Callier, & Di Paolo, 2008; Suzuki et al., 2009; Yue et al., 2005).…”