Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver (Including Biliary Contrast Agents) Part 1: Technical Considerations and Contrast Materials

Agostini, Andrea; Kircher, Moritz F.; Do, R.; Borgheresi, Alessandra; Monti, Serena; Giovagnoni, Andrea; Mannelli, Lorenzo

doi:10.1053/j.ro.2016.05.015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…It has to be pointed out that USPIO is approved only for the treatment of anemias and shows some relevant adverse effects [221]. Therefore, even if interesting, the application in the routine diagnostic workup of RC is not feasible.…”

Section: Experimental Applications: Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph Nodes Evaluation in Rectal Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Future Perspective

Borgheresi

Muzio

Agostini

et al. 2022

JCM

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The assessment of nodal involvement in patients with rectal cancer (RC) is fundamental in disease management. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is routinely used for local and nodal staging of RC by using morphological criteria. The actual dimensional and morphological criteria for nodal assessment present several limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. For these reasons, several different techniques, such as Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), and Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (DCE) in MRI have been introduced but still not fully validated. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT plays a pivotal role in the assessment of LNs; more recently PET/MRI has been introduced. The advantages and limitations of these imaging modalities will be provided in this narrative review. The second part of the review includes experimental techniques, such as iron-oxide particles (SPIO), and dual-energy CT (DECT). Radiomics analysis is an active field of research, and the evidence about LNs in RC will be discussed. The review also discusses the different recommendations between the European and North American guidelines for the evaluation of LNs in RC, from anatomical considerations to structured reporting.

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Section: Experimental Applications: Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph Nodes Evaluation in Rectal Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Future Perspective

Borgheresi

Muzio

Agostini

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…As such, HBAs provide additional information regarding the presence of hepatocytes with OATP, which decrease in hepatocarcinogenesis. 23 With HBA administration, the pattern of contrast enhancement can be studied in the late arterial, portal venous, transitional, and hepatobiliary phases.…”

Section: Contrast Media Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regenerative nodules may present accumulation of iron which results in low signal intensity on T1-and T2-weighted imaging. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ,…”

Section: Imaging Features On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , cHCC-CC may appear hypointense on T1WI and iso to hyperintense on T2WI with or without central hypointense focus, which represents a central cholangiocarcinoma or fibrotic component. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , On dynamic imaging, early ring enhancement with centripetal progression or heterogeneous early enhancement with partial washout are possible p...…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Horvat

Monti

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Radiology and Oncology

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BackgroundLiver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features.ConclusionsFurthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.

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