Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers

Antoniewicz, Lukasz; Bosson, Jenny A.; Kuhl, Jeanette; Abdel‐Halim, Samy M.; Kiessling, Anna; Mobarrez, Fariborz; Lundbäck, Magnus

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.064

Cited by 109 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking, but not acute EC use, increased white blood cells, lymphocytes, and granulocytes for ≥1 h after use 96 . As noted previously, acute use of ECs is not associated with inflammation-induced microvesicle release, and a small cross-sectional study found no effects of EC use on C-reactive protein or fibrinogen levels, which are biomarkers of chronic inflammation 92,95 . Preclinical studies assessing inflammation in response to EC use have focused largely on pulmonary effects 97 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Toxicity Of Ecsmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes

Benowitz¹,

2017

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Cardiovascular safety is an important consideration in the debate on the benefits versus the risks of electronic cigarette (EC) use. EC emissions that might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health include nicotine, oxidants, aldehydes, particulates, and flavourants. To date, most of the cardiovascular effects of ECs demonstrated in humans are consistent with the known effects of nicotine. Pharmacological and toxicological studies support the biological plausibility that nicotine contributes to acute cardiovascular events and accelerated atherogenesis. However, epidemiological studies assessing Swedish smokeless tobacco, which exposes users to nicotine without combustion products, generally have not found an increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke among users, but suggest that nicotine might contribute to acute cardiovascular events, especially in those with underlying coronary heart disease. The effects of aldehydes, particulates, and flavourants derived from ECs on cardiovascular health have not been determined. Although ECs might pose some cardiovascular risk to users, particularly those with existing cardiovascular disease, the risk is thought to be less than that of cigarette smoking based on qualitative and quantitative comparisons of EC aerosol versus cigarette smoke constituents. The adoption of ECs rather than cigarette smoking might, therefore, result in an overall benefit for public health.

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Section: Cardiovascular Toxicity Of Ecsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The effects of EC use on circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and microvesicles have also been examined 92 . Ten puffs from an EC increased levels of EPCs, thought to indicate a response to endothelial injury.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Toxicity Of Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes

Benowitz¹,

2017

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“…On the contrary, a study of 16 healthy volunteers found that e‐cigarette use caused an increase in endothelial progenitor cells of the same magnitude as smoking a traditional cigarette, suggesting possible acute vascular changes after e‐cigarette inhalation . Using an e‐cigarette has also been shown to decrease flow‐mediated dilation, another measure of vascular function, to the same extent as smoking a traditional cigarette .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Prevalence and Patterns of Use in Adults with a History of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

Stokes

Collins

Berry

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundCharacterizing electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use patterns is important for guiding tobacco regulatory policy and projecting the future burden of tobacco‐related diseases. Few studies have examined patterns of e‐cigarette use in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and ResultsWe examined e‐cigarette use in adults aged 18 to 89 years with a history of CVD, using data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey. We investigated associations between ever and current e‐cigarette use and smoking with multivariable logistic regression. In a secondary analysis, we modeled the association between e‐cigarette use and a quit attempt over the past year. Former smokers with CVD who quit smoking within the past year showed 1.85 (95% confidence interval, 1.03, 3.33) times the odds of having ever used e‐cigarettes as compared with those who reported being “some days” current smokers. Current smokers who attempted to quit smoking within the past year showed significantly increased odds of ever having used e‐cigarettes (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.25, 2.30) and currently using e‐cigarettes (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.32, 2.95) as compared with smokers who had not attempted to quit over the past year.ConclusionsIndividuals with CVD who recently quit smoking or reported a recent quit attempt were significantly more likely to use e‐cigarettes than current smokers and those who did not report a quit attempt. Our findings may indicate that this population is using e‐cigarettes as an aid to smoking cessation. Characterizing emerging e‐cigarette use behaviors in adults with CVD may help to inform outreach activities aimed at this high‐risk population.

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“…Habitual E‐cigarette users had a shift in cardiac autonomic balance towards sympathetic predominance and higher systemic oxidative stress levels, which are known risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) . The levels of endothelial progenitor cells, the biomarker for endothelial function and risk marker for CVD based on their function in maintenance, differentiation and regeneration of endothelial cells following vascular injury or necrosis, were elevated in participants exposed to ECV acutely, similar to exposure to CS . Flow‐mediated dilation, the other marker for endothelial function and CVD, was decreased after CS and E‐cigarette use .…”

Section: Effects Of E‐cigarettes In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes

Chen

Todd

Fairclough

2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Electronic cigarettes (E‐cigarettes) are considered a preferable alternative to conventional cigarettes due to the lack of combustion and the absence of tobacco‐specific toxicants. E‐cigarettes have rapidly gained in popularity in recent years amongst both existing smokers and previous non‐smokers. However, a growing literature demonstrates that E‐cigarettes are not as safe as generally believed. Here, we discuss the immunological, and other, deleterious effects of E‐cigarettes on a variety of cell types and host defence mechanisms in humans and in murine models. We review not only the effects of complete E‐cigarette liquids, but also each of the main components—nicotine, humectants and flavourings. This MiniReview thus highlights the possible role of E‐cigarettes in the pathogenesis of disease and raises awareness of the potential harm that E‐cigarettes may cause.

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Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers

Cited by 109 publications

References 238 publications

Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes

Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes

Electronic Cigarette Prevalence and Patterns of Use in Adults with a History of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes

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