Conscious and unconscious performance monitoring: Evidence from patients with schizophrenia

Charlès, Lucie; Gaillard, R.; Amado, Isabelle; Krebs, Marie‐Odile; Bendjemaa, Narjes; Dehaene, Stanislas

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.056

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…However, such patients are rare and symptoms are often heterogeneous. In response, many researchers have sought to elicit blindsight-like unconscious perception in neurologically intact observers using visual masking or other stimulus manipulations (Charles, King, and Dehaene 2014; Charles et al 2016; Fogelson et al 2014; Sandberg et al 2010; Ramsøy and Overgaard 2004; Breitmeyer et al 1984; Breitmeyer 2007; Kolb and Braun 1995). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation to visual cortex induces suboptimal introspection

Peters

Fesi

Amendi

et al. 2017

Cortex

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Blindsight patients with damage to the visual cortex can discriminate objects but report no conscious visual experience. This provides an intriguing opportunity to allow the study of subjective awareness in isolation from objective performance capacity. However, blindsight is rare, so one promising way to induce the effect in neurologically intact observers is to apply transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the visual cortex. Here, we used a recently-developed criterion-free method to conclusively rule out an important alternative interpretation of TMS-induced performance without awareness: that TMS-induced blindsight may be just due to conservative reporting biases for conscious perception. Critically, using this criterion-free paradigm we have previously shown that introspective judgments were optimal even under visual masking. However, here under TMS, observers were suboptimal, as if they were metacognitively blind to the visual disturbances caused by TMS. We argue that metacognitive judgments depend on observers’ internal statistical models of their own perceptual systems, and introspective suboptimality arises when external perturbations abruptly make those models invalid -- a phenomenon that may also be happening in actual blindsight.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation to visual cortex induces suboptimal introspection

Peters

Fesi

Amendi

et al. 2017

Cortex

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“…While a potential relationship between schizophrenia and atypical metacognitive function has been speculated for decades [4], whether patients with schizophrenia have altered metacognitive ability to introspect perception has remained inconclusive [5,6]. We here showed that patients and controls generally perform equally well in a visual metacognitive task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…For example, patients showed lowered metacognitive sensitivity (meta-d') relative to controls [5], on some conditions where patients also showed lowered perceptual sensitivity (d').…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, patients with schizophrenia may show altered metacognitive ability to discern between true and false percept [4], which would limit their ability to discern and disregard false perception of external events. Although recent studies have systematically examined perceptual metacognition among people with schizophrenia, the results appear mixed and non-conclusive [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for these mixed results could be that one critical atypicality among patients with schizophrenia resides not in their general metacognitive performance but in how their metacognitive performance is modulated by some perceptual conditions. Such atypicality may result in a group-by-condition interaction, leading to a notable group difference in metacognitive performance under some specific conditions [5], but not others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atypical spatial frequency dependence of visual metacognition among schizophrenia patients

Koizumi¹,

Hori

Maniscalco

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Although a potential link between altered metacognition and schizophrenia has been speculated, studies have yielded inconsistent results. This may be partly because such findings would depend on the stimulus properties. Here we tested the hypothesis that metacognitive performance may be atypically modulated by spatial-frequency of visual stimuli among individuals with schizophrenia, given their altered magnocellular function. In Experiment 1, we used the signal detection theoretic measure meta-d' to quantify metacognitive performance of healthy participants in a visual detection task with confidence ratings. We then compared metacognitive performance between patients and controls with high and low spatial-frequency (HSF/LSF) stimuli outside and inside of an fMRI scanner (Experiment 2 and 3). Experiment 1 revealed that metacognitive performance is typically better after yes-(stimulus-presence) rather than after no-(stimulus-absence) responses. Experiment 2 revealed that control subjects showed such 'yes-response advantage' with HSF stimuli but not with LSF stimuli, while such spatial-frequency dependency was absent among the patients. Experiment 3 showed that the patients and controls differ in the functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and visual or parietal cortices as well as in the multivoxel decoding accuracy of perceptual confidence in DLPFC, in a spatial-frequency-dependent manner. While individuals without schizophrenia may flexibly adapt differential metacognitive computations across spatialfrequency range, patients may employ a different mechanism that is not dependent on spatialfrequency. Because visual stimuli of low spatial-frequency have been linked to top-down processing in predictive coding, this may reflect atypical functioning in these processes in schizophrenia.

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Introduction

Mishra¹

2018

Bilingualism and Cognitive Control

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Conscious and unconscious performance monitoring: Evidence from patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 40 publications

References 113 publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation to visual cortex induces suboptimal introspection

Transcranial magnetic stimulation to visual cortex induces suboptimal introspection

Atypical spatial frequency dependence of visual metacognition among schizophrenia patients

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