Syntax for calculation of discounting indices from the monetary choice questionnaire and probability discounting questionnaire

Gray, Joshua C.; Amlung, Michael; Palmer, Abraham A.; MacKillop, James

doi:10.1002/jeab.221

Cited by 106 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, GDPs obtained higher scores than controls on the "non-planning" and "lack of premeditation" subscales of the BIS-11 questionnaire and the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, respectively, implying that those individuals are more oriented to the present rather than the future and tend to act without consideration of the consequences. In this line, an association between scores on both subscales and discounting rates has been previously reported (61,76,77). Altogether, this pattern of results is likely to contribute to the tendency of GDPs to favor immediate bets, despite the negative consequences of their gambling behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…To analyze choice impulsivity, a two-way ANOVA was computed on k-values obtained at the MCQ, with MAGNITUDE (small, medium, large) as the within-subject factor and GROUP (HCs, GDPs) as the between-subject factor. Importantly, as several works reported that using the natural log (nlog) transformation allows to approximately normalize the distribution of k-values (61,62), analyses were performed on nlog k-values.…”

Section: Self-reported Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A lack of inhibitory control appears to contribute to the development and maintenance of addictive disorders. Among the mechanisms thought to assist inhibitory control, an increasing focus has been drawn on the so-called preparatory suppression, which refers to the drastic suppression observed in the motor system during action preparation. Interestingly, deficient preparatory suppression has been reported in alcohol use disorders. However, it is currently unknown whether this deficit also concerns behavioral, substance-free, addictions, and thus whether it might represent a vulnerability factor common to both substance and behavioral addictive disorders. To address this question, neural measures of preparatory suppression were obtained in gambling disorder patients (GDPs) and matched healthy control subjects. To do so, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left and the right motor cortex to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in both hands when participants were performing a choice reaction time task. In addition, choice and rapid response impulsivity were evaluated in all participants, using self-report measures and neuropsychological tasks. Consistent with a large body of literature, the MEP data revealed that the activity of the motor system was drastically reduced during action preparation in healthy subjects. Surprisingly, though, a similar MEP suppression was observed in GDPs, indicating that those subjects do not globally suffer from a deficit in preparatory suppression. By contrast, choice impulsivity was higher in GDPs than healthy subjects, and a higher rapid response impulsivity was found in the more severe forms of GD. Altogether, those results demonstrated that although some aspects of inhibitory control are impaired in GDPs, these alterations do not seem to concern preparatory suppression. Yet, the profile of individuals suffering of a GD is very heterogeneous, with only part of them presenting an impulsive disposition, such as in patients with alcohol use disorders. Hence, a lack of preparatory suppression may be only shared by this sub-type of addicts, an interesting issue for future investigation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Self-reported Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For each item, individuals were presented with a choice between a smaller immediate reward and larger delayed reward at one of three magnitudes (small, $25-35; intermediate, $50-60; large, $75-85; see Supplementary Table 3). The overall response pattern was used to infer temporal discounting functions (k) ranging from .00016-.25 29 , with larger values reflecting greater devaluation of delayed rewards (higher bias for immediate gratification). Values of k were obtained for the three reward magnitudes and were averaged to obtain the final dependent measure.…”

Section: Delay Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study of delay discounting in 23,217 adult research participants of European ancestry

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to discount the value of delayed versus current rewards, is elevated in a constellation of diseases and behavioral conditions. We performed a genome-wide association study of DD using 23,127 research participants of European ancestry. The most significantly associated single-nucleotide polymorphism was rs6528024 (P = 2.40 × 10), which is located in an intron of the gene GPM6B. We also showed that 12% of the variance in DD was accounted for by genotype and that the genetic signature of DD overlapped with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, smoking, personality, cognition and body weight.

show abstract

“…To assess impulsivity, participants performed a 27-item Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) at the end of each session (1215h), which measures delayed discounting by asking individuals to choose between smaller rewards available immediately and larger rewards available after a delay (Gray, Amlung, Palmer, & MacKillop, 2016;Kirby, Petry, & Bickel, 1999). Individual indifference points were determined and discounting rates (overall k-values) calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual food cues decrease postprandial glucose concentrations in lean and obese men without affecting food intake and related endocrine parameters

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The abundance of highly palatable food items in our environment represents a possible cause of overconsumption. Neuroimaging studies in humans have demonstrated that watching pictures of food increases activation in brain areas involved in homeostatic and hedonic food cue processing. Nevertheless, the impact of food cues on actual food intake and metabolic parameters has not been systematically investigated. We tested the hypothesis that watching high-calorie food cues increases food intake and modifies anticipatory blood parameters in lean and especially in obese men. In 20 normal-weight and 20 obese healthy fasted men, we assessed the effects of watching pictures of high-calorie food items versus neutral contents on food intake measured during a standardized test buffet and subsequent snacking as well as on glucose homeostasis and endocrine parameters. Compared to neutral pictures, viewing food pictures reduced postprandial blood glucose concentrations in lean (p = 0.016) and obese (p = 0.044) subjects, without any differences in insulin or C-peptide concentrations (all p > 0.4). Viewing food pictures did not affect total calorie intake during the buffet (all p > 0.5) and snack consumption (all p > 0.4). Concentrations of ghrelin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and glucagon also remained unaffected (all p > 0.08). These data indicate that preprandial processing of food cues curbs postprandial blood glucose excursions, without immediately affecting eating behavior in normal-weight and obese men. Findings indicate that exposure to food cues does not acutely trigger calorie overconsumption but rather improves the glucoregulatory response to food intake.

show abstract

Syntax for calculation of discounting indices from the monetary choice questionnaire and probability discounting questionnaire

Cited by 106 publications

References 32 publications

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Genome-wide association study of delay discounting in 23,217 adult research participants of European ancestry

Visual food cues decrease postprandial glucose concentrations in lean and obese men without affecting food intake and related endocrine parameters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About