Investigation of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Harboring the<i>mcr-1</i>Resistance Gene — Connecticut, 2016

Vasquez, Amber; Montero, Noelisa; Laughlin, Mark; Dancy, Ehren; Melmed, Russell; Sosa, Lynn; Watkins, Louise Francois; Folster, Jason P.; Strockbine, Nancy; Moulton-Meissner, Heather; Ansari, Uzma; Cartter, Matthew L.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6536e3

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is important to note that one case of resistance to colistin was identified in a dog in India (92). Colistin is considered a “last-resort” drug, and the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene was recently reported in an isolate from a human case in the United States (93–96). The development of resistance in Salmonella is of concern, as it is one of the most frequently reported food safety pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014

et al. 2017

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Eleven laboratories collaborated to determine the periodic prevalence of Salmonella in a population of dogs and cats in the United States visiting veterinary clinics. Fecal samples (2,965) solicited from 11 geographically dispersed veterinary testing laboratories were collected in 36 states between January 2012 and April 2014 and tested using a harmonized method. The overall study prevalence of Salmonella in cats (3 of 542) was <1%. The prevalence in dogs (60 of 2,422) was 2.5%. Diarrhea was present in only 55% of positive dogs; however, 3.8% of the all diarrheic dogs were positive, compared with 1.8% of the nondiarrheic dogs. Salmonella-positive dogs were significantly more likely to have consumed raw food (P = 0.01), to have consumed probiotics (P = 0.002), or to have been given antibiotics (P = 0.01). Rural dogs were also more likely to be Salmonella positive than urban (P = 0.002) or suburban (P = 0.001) dogs. In the 67 isolates, 27 unique serovars were identified, with three dogs having two serovars present. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 66 isolates revealed that only four of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Additional characterization of the 66 isolates was done using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Sequence data compared well to resistance phenotypic data and were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This study suggests an overall decline in prevalence of Salmonella-positive dogs and cats over the last decades and identifies consumption of raw food as a major risk factor for Salmonella infection. Of note is that almost half of the Salmonella-positive animals were clinically nondiarrheic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014

et al. 2017

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“…Much speculation and attention has been paid to the detection of mcr-1 genes and colistin resistance in Enterobacteriace because of concerns for the emergence of resistance to one of the last drugs of resort for treatment of disease in humans [56]. Speculation as to the source of colistin resistance and when it emerged has resulted in a deluge of research and retrospective papers searching for mcr and assessing dates of emergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mcr-1 identified in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)

et al. 2017

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Antimicrobial resistance associated with colistin has emerged as a significant concern worldwide threatening the use of one of the most important antimicrobials for treating human disease.Here, we examined a collection (n = 980) of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from poultry with colibacillosis from the US and internationally for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2, genes known to encode colistin resistance. Included in the analysis was an additional set of avian fecal E. coli (AFEC) (n = 220) isolates from healthy birds for comparative analysis. The mcr-1 gene was detected in a total of 12 isolates recovered from diseased production birds from China and Egypt. No mcr genes were detected in the healthy fecal isolates. The full mcr-1 gene from positive isolates was sequenced using specifically designed primers and were compared with sequences currently described in NCBI. mcr-1 positive isolates were also assessed for phenotypic colistin resistance and extended spectrum beta lactam phenotypes and genotypes. This study has identified mcr-1 in APEC isolates dating back to at least 2010 and suggests that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced.

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“…Until now, almost exclusively Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing or colistin resistant isolates have been screened for the presence of mcr-1 . A number of reports of mcr-1 in the United States of clinical and ESBL-negative strains indicate that the true extent of mcr-1 prevalence amongst unselected Gram-negatives may be highly underestimated [15, 16]. The mcr-2 colistin resistance gene had 76.7% nucleotide identity to mcr-1 and had so far only been found in colistin-resistant E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) containing Enterobacteriaceae in feces of patients attending a tertiary care hospital and detection of a mcr-1 containing, colistin susceptible E. coli

et al. 2017

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The emergence of the plasmid-mediated mcr colistin resistance gene in the community poses a potential threat for treatment of patients, especially when hospitalized. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of all currently known mcr mediated colistin resistance gene in fecal samples of patients attending a tertiary care hospital. From November 2014 until July 2015, fecal samples of patients attending the Leiden University Medical Center were collected and screened for presence of mcr using real-time PCR. Two of 576 patients were positive for mcr-1, resulting in a prevalence of 0.35%, whereas no mcr-2 was found. One of these samples was culture negative, the second sample contained a blaCMY-2 and mcr-1 containing E.coli. This strain belonged to Sequence Type 359 and serotype O177:H21. The mcr-1 containing E.coli was phenotypically susceptible to colistin with a MIC of ≤ 0.25mg/l, due to a 1329bp transposon IS10R inserted into the mcr-1 gene as identified by WGS. This prevalence study shows that mcr-1 is present in low levels patients out of the community attending a hospital. Furthermore the study underlines the importance of phenotypical confirmation of molecular detection of a mcr-1 gene.

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Investigation ofEscherichia coliHarboring themcr-1Resistance Gene — Connecticut, 2016

Abstract: html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10223.

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014

Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014

mcr-1 identified in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)

Prevalence of colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) containing Enterobacteriaceae in feces of patients attending a tertiary care hospital and detection of a mcr-1 containing, colistin susceptible E. coli

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