Significant Decrease in Plasma Levels of D-Dimer, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-12 After a 12-Month Treatment with Rosuvastatin in HIV-Infected Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy

Calza, Leonardo; Colangeli, Vincenzo; Magistrelli, Eleonora; Contadini, Ilaria; Bon, Isabella; Re, Maria Carla; Conti, Matteo; Mancini, Rita; Viale, Pierluigi

doi:10.1089/aid.2016.0134

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…14 Furthermore, in light of its prognostic value, D-dimer measurement has been incorporated into risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism to enhance the accuracy of VTE prediction. 15 Recently, D-dimer levels were found to be useful for prognosis in atrial fibrillation, 16 cancer, 5,6,17 infection, 18 peripheral vascular disease, 19 aortic dissection, 8 and stroke. 7 Our study showed that D-dimer levels had prognostic value for the risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality in patients with PCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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D-dimer as a thrombus biomarker for predicting 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Background: D-dimer has predictive value for mortality in some diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between D-dimer and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We examined 10,724 consecutive patients who underwent PCI between January 2013 and December 2013. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was cardiac mortality. Patients were divided according to the median D-dimer level of 0.28 μg/ml. Multivariable model were including age, sex, and risk factors after stepwise selection. Results: After a 2-year follow up, 8565 patients with D-dimer data were analyzed. There were 116 (1.35%) all-cause deaths and 64 (0.75%) cardiac deaths. D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the all-cause mortality group [0.42 (0.29, 0.68) μg/ml] and cardiac mortality group [0.48 (0.30, 0.81) μg/ml] than in the survival group [0.28 (0.20, 0.41) μg/ml] (both p < 0.001). Multivariate-adjusted Cox hazard analysis showed that high D-dimer levels (⩾0.28 μg/ml) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the total population [hazard ratio (HR): 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44–3.84, p = 0.001], acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subgroup (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.08–3.38, p = 0.027), and stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) subgroup (HR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45–10.10, p = 0.007). High D-dimer levels were significantly associated with cardiac mortality in the total population (HR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.61–7.36, p = 0.001) and the ACS subgroup (HR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.38–8.03, p = 0.007), but not in the SCAD subgroup (HR: 3.68, 95% CI: 0.80–16.91, p = 0.094). Conclusions: D-dimer levels are independently associated with 2-year all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality in patients undergoing PCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D-dimer levels reflect increased coagulation and fibrinolytic activity. 1 Elevation of D-dimer levels is associated with some pathological processes, including thrombosis, 1 plaque necrosis, 20 infection, 18 and cancer metastasis, 5 which may make it an independent risk marker for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-dimer as a thrombus biomarker for predicting 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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“…Alongside "classical" combination ART, other therapeutic strategies could be tested in the setting of clinical trials to optimize the risk-reward ratio of the use of ART and their potential adverse events, versus reduction of the frequency of nADEs, or improving the CD4 T cell count. It is the case of dual antiretroviral therapies, long-acting injectable antiretroviral drugs, broadly neutralizing HIV-specific antibodies (58), and/or the use of immunomodulatory strategies (aspirin and statins but also new well-tolerated anti-CMV agents, and new drugs that target 14 inflammation and immunosenescence), Such strategies might be of particular interest in limiting nADEs and avoiding ART regimens in controllers with an undetectable VL (59,60).…”

Section: Which Therapeutic Strategies Might Be Studied In Controllersmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV controllers: to treat or not to treat? Is that the right question?

et al. 2019

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The term "HIV controller refers to the small proportion of HIV-infected individuals who are able to spontaneously control viremia at very low levels. One major unresolved question is whether controllers should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), given that the international guidelines recommend treatment for all HIV-infected individuals. Differences in the definitions of a controller (in terms of the viral load cutoff and the duration of viral control) and contrasting reports on CD4 T cell decline, chronic immune activation, the cardiovascular risk, and loss of viral control in controllers have prevented the development of a consensus view. In the present review, we (i) discuss the indications of initiating ART in controllers, (ii) highlight the impact of the various definitions of HIV control, and (iii) emphasize the value of personalized care/patient-centred approaches for controllers.

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“…The mechanism for this remains unknown; however, it may be associated with the activation of NK cells (27) et al demonstrated that the concentration of IL-15 and IL-18 were upregulated in individuals infected with HIV (28,29). Another study found that antiretroviral therapy reduced chronic inflammation in these patients by decreasing IL-12 levels (30). Similarly, CD38 and CD39 expression on NK cells decreased after antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD38+CD39+ NK cells associate with HIV disease progression and negatively regulate T cell proliferation

et al. 2022

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The ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39 have a critical regulatory effect on tumors and viral infections via the adenosine axis. Natural killer (NK) cells produce cytokines, induce cytotoxic responses against viral infection, and acquire immunoregulatory properties. However, the roles of CD38 and CD39 expressed NK cells in HIV disease require elucidation. Our study showed that the proportions of CD38+CD39+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals were positively associated with HIV viral loads and negatively associated with the CD4+ T cell count. Furthermore, CD38+CD39+ NK cells expressed additional inhibitory receptors, TIM-3 and LAG-3, and produced more TGF-β. Moreover, autologous NK cells suppressed the proliferation of CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals, and inhibiting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells restored CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, these data support a critical role for CD38 and CD39 on NK cells in HIV infection and targeting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy against HIV infection.

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Significant Decrease in Plasma Levels of D-Dimer, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-12 After a 12-Month Treatment with Rosuvastatin in HIV-Infected Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

D-dimer as a thrombus biomarker for predicting 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention

D-dimer as a thrombus biomarker for predicting 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention

HIV controllers: to treat or not to treat? Is that the right question?

CD38+CD39+ NK cells associate with HIV disease progression and negatively regulate T cell proliferation

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