The effect of nitrazepam on depression and curiosity in behavioral tests in mice: The role of potassium channels

Nikoui, Vahid; Ostadhadi, Sattar; Azhand, Pardis; Zolfaghari, Samira; Amiri, Shayan; Foroohandeh, Mehrdad; Motevalian, Manijeh; Sharifi, Ali Mohammad; Bakhtiarian, Azam

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.017

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Of note is the observation that NF-κB regulates expression of microRNAs, small noncoding single strands of RNA that, in turn, regulate the expression of multiple genes at the post-translational level (Lukiw, 2012). NF-κB-mediated epigenetic factors have also been implicated in disease, including AD (Zhao et al, 2013), a topic that is the subject of recent reviews (Lukiw, 2012; Millan, 2014) and therefore is not addressed at length here.…”

Section: Nf-κb In the Ad Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

Snow

Albensi

2016

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

130

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Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.

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Section: Nf-κb In the Ad Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

Snow

Albensi

2016

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

130

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“…Mice were suspended by their tails with tape, and when the mouse stopped struggling and hanged immobile, the immobility time during a 6 min session was measured as a depressive-like state. Immobility time was presented during the last 4 min of the suspension session (Nikoui et al., 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of magnoflorine-phospholipid complex to permeate blood-brain barrier and treat depression in the CUMS animal model

Han

Cao

et al. 2019

Drug Delivery

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To improve the liposolubility and blood-brain barrier permeability of magnoflorine, a new formulation of magnoflorine-phospholipid complex was prepared, characterized, and pharmacologically evaluated in the chronic unpredictable mild stress animal model. In this paper, the magnoflorine-phospholipid complex was synthesized and its characterization was determined. The antidepressant-like and antioxidant activity of magnoflorine-phospholipid complex was investigated by behavioral tests and western blotting analysis. As a result, the magnoflorine-phospholipid complex displayed high encapsulation efficiency and significantly improved the oil-water participate coefficient. In vivo blood-brain distribution study, the magnoflorine-phospholipid complex extended the duration of magnoflorine in blood and help magnoflorine to permeate the blood-brain barrier into brain. In behavioral tests, the magnoflorine-phospholipid complex significantly decreased immobility time compared to model control group in both FST and TST. Furthermore, the magnoflorine-phospholipid complex increased the expression of antioxidative stress-related proteins by the western blotting analysis. These findings strongly suggest that the phospholipid complex could significantly improve liposolubility, drug properties of magnoflorine and help magnoflorine permeate blood-brain barrier and exert the antidepressant effect.

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“…Tail suspension test (TST) was based on the method described previously [20]. Tails of mice were suspended using adhesive tape to a horizontal bar for 6 min, and the immobility time during the final 4 min was recorded.…”

Section: Tail Suspension Test and Forced Swimming Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and purification of magnoflorine, spinosin, and 6‴‐feruloyspinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

Niu

Sun

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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In the study, high-speed counter-current chromatography was used for separation and purification of magnoflorine, spinosin, and 6‴-feruloyspinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. With n-butanol-ethyl acetate-water (2:3:5, v/v) as the optimum solvent system, about 75 mg of magnoflorine, 110 mg of spinosin, and 40 mg of 6‴-feruloyspinosin were isolated from 0.5 g of crude extract of Z. Spinosae Semen, with the purity of 95.7, 97.2, and 96.4%, respectively. The chemical structures were identified by MS and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the antidepressant activity of the isolated components was evaluated by PC12 cells injury model and chronic unpredictable mild stress depression mouse model. The results showed that high-speed counter-current chromatography could be used to realize the one-time rapid preparation and separation of magnoflorine, spinosin, and 6‴-feruloyspinosin from Z. Spinosae Semen and compatibility of these isolated components has certain antidepressant activity.

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The effect of nitrazepam on depression and curiosity in behavioral tests in mice: The role of potassium channels

Cited by 18 publications

References 77 publications

Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease

Use of magnoflorine-phospholipid complex to permeate blood-brain barrier and treat depression in the CUMS animal model

Separation and purification of magnoflorine, spinosin, and 6‴‐feruloyspinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography

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