Large artery stiffness is associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase in young, healthy adults: The African-PREDICT study

Maritz, Melissa; Fourie, C.M.T.; Rooyen, Johannes M. Van; Moss, Sarah; Schutte, Aletta E.

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.07.006

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In South Africa, it was consistently shown that black individuals display higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers than whites. 23,24,32 In this study we therefore compared a detailed range of 22 pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators and numerous blood pressure measurements between young black and white adults. We also investigated the relationships between blood pressure and the pro-and anti-inflammatory mediator profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct inflammatory mediator patterns in young black and white adults: The African-predict study

et al. 2020

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Objective: Inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the early stages of cardiovascular disease development, including hypertension. Since global reports reflect a higher hypertension prevalence in black than white populations, we hypothesise the involvement of specific inflammatory mediators. We therefore compared a detailed range of 22 inflammatory mediators between young black and white adults, and determined the relationship with blood pressure. Approach and Results: We included 1197 adults (20-30 years; 50% black; 52% female) with detailed ambulatory blood pressures. Blood samples were analysed for 22 inflammatory mediators. For pro-inflammatory mediators, the black adults had higher C-reactive protein, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (all p≤0.008), but lower interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17A, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (all p≤0.048). For anti-inflammatory mediators the black group consistently had lower levels (IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 (all p≤0.012)), resulting in generally higher pro-to-anti-inflammatory ratios in black than white adults (p≤0.001). In mediators with proand anti-inflammatory functions, the black group had lower granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-6 (both p≤0.010). These patterns were confirmed after adjustment for age, sex and waist circumference, or when stratifying by hypertensive status, sex and socioeconomic status. Multi-variable adjusted regression analyses and factor analysis yielded no relationship between inflammatory mediators and blood pressure in this young healthy population. Conclusions: Black and white ethnic groups each consistently presented with unique inflammatory mediator patterns regardless of blood pressure, sex or social class. No association with blood pressure was seen in either of the groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct inflammatory mediator patterns in young black and white adults: The African-predict study

et al. 2020

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“…On the microvascular level we found a smaller central retinal artery diameter in black compared to white participants, 24 known to reflect an increased risk of hypertension. Regarding biomarkers for endothelial function, young black participants presented with a markedly elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, gamma-glutamyl transferase, 25 C-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, 21 , 26 but a more favourable serum cholesterol profile. 22 , 26 Self-reported smoking and alcohol use were also similar between black and white ethnic groups ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT): Design, recruitment and initial examination

Schutte

Gona

Delles

et al. 2019

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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BackgroundGlobally hypertension is stabilising, but in sub-Saharan Africa the incidence of hypertension remains on an increase. Although this might be attributed to poor healthcare and ineffective antihypertensive treatment, there is a limited understanding of population and individual-specific cardiovascular pathophysiology – necessary for effective prevention and treatment strategies in Africa. As there is a lack of longitudinal studies tracking the early pathophysiological development of hypertension in black populations, the African-PREDICT study was initiated. The purpose of this paper is to describe the detailed methodology and baseline cohort profile of the study.Methods and resultsFrom 2013 to 2017, the study included 1202 black (N = 606) and white (N = 596) men and women (aged 20–30 years) from South Africa – screened to be healthy and clinic normotensive. At baseline, and each 5-year follow-up examination, detailed measures of health behaviours, cardiovascular profile and organ damage are taken. Also, comprehensive biological sampling for the ‘omics’ and biomarkers is performed. Overall, the baseline black and white cohort presented with similar ages, clinic and 24-hour blood pressures, but black adults had lower socioeconomic status and higher central systolic blood pressure than white individuals.ConclusionsThe prospective African-PREDICT study in young black and white adults will contribute to a clear understanding of early cardiovascular disease development.

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“…While numerous studies have examined differences in inflammation between ethnic groups, global findings remain contradictory [34]. However, multiple studies performed in South African populations have found that black individuals display higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers and an overall more pro-inflammatory profile [17,[35][36][37]. When examining Na + , previous studies found that black adults have a predisposition for higher Na + retention [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and salt in young adults: the African-PREDICT study

et al. 2020

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Purpose Low-grade inflammation and a diet high in salt are both established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. High potassium (K +) intake was found to counter increase in blood pressure due to high salt intake and may potentially also have protective anti-inflammatory effects. To better understand these interactions under normal physiological conditions, we investigated the relationships between 22 inflammatory mediators with 24-h urinary K + in young healthy adults stratified by low, medium and high salt intake (salt tertiles). We stratified by ethnicity due to potential salt sensitivity in black populations. Methods In 991 healthy black (N = 457) and white (N = 534) adults, aged 20-30 years, with complete data for 24-h urinary sodium and K + , we analysed blood samples for 22 inflammatory mediators. Results We found no differences in inflammatory mediators between low-, mid-and high-sodium tertiles in either the black or white groups. In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses in white adults, we found only in the lowest salt tertile that K + associated negatively with pro-inflammatory mediators, namely interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (all p ≤ 0.046). In the black population, we found no independent associations between K + and any inflammatory mediator. Conclusion In healthy white adults, 24-h urinary K + associated independently and negatively with specific pro-inflammatory mediators, but only in those with a daily salt intake less than 6.31 g, suggesting K + to play a protective, anti-inflammatory role in a low-sodium environment. No similar associations were found in young healthy black adults.

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Large artery stiffness is associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase in young, healthy adults: The African-PREDICT study

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Distinct inflammatory mediator patterns in young black and white adults: The African-predict study

Distinct inflammatory mediator patterns in young black and white adults: The African-predict study

The African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT): Design, recruitment and initial examination

Inflammation and salt in young adults: the African-PREDICT study

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