Erratum: Three-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of holographic patterns

Optogenetics provides tools to control afferent activity in brain microcircuits. However, this requires optical methods that can evoke asynchronous and coordinated activity within neuronal ensembles in a spatio-temporally precise way. Here we describe a light patterning method, which combines MHz acousto-optic beam steering and adjustable low numerical aperture Gaussian beams, to achieve fast 2D targeting in scattering tissue. Using mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellar cortex as a testbed, we demonstrate single fiber optogenetic stimulation with micron-scale lateral resolution, >100 µm depth-penetration and 0.1 ms spiking precision. Protracted spatio-temporal patterns of light delivered by our illumination system evoked sustained asynchronous mossy fiber activity with excellent repeatability. Combining optical and electrical stimulations, we show that the cerebellar granular layer performs nonlinear integration, whereby sustained mossy fiber activity provides a permissive context for the transmission of salient inputs, enriching combinatorial views on mossy fiber pattern separation.

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Selective Modulation of Heart and Respiration by Optical Control of Vagus Nerve Axons Innervating the Heart

Fontaine

Futia

Rajendran

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractTargeting specifics subsets of peripheral pathways of the autonomic nervous system will enable new avenues to study organ control and develop new disease therapies. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown many therapeutic benefits but current approaches involve imprecise electrical stimulation that gives rise to adverse effects, and the functionally relevant pathways are poorly understood. One method to overcome these limitations is the use of optogenetic techniques, which facilitate highly specific neural communication with light-sensitive actuators (opsins). Opsins can be targeted to cell populations of interest based on the location of viral delivery and genetic control of expression. Here, we tested whether holographic photostimulation of subsets of axons of the cervical vagus nerve that innervate the heart can be used to modulate cardiac function. Viral injection of retrograde adeno-associated virus (rAAV2-retro) in the heart resulted in robust, primarily afferent, opsin reporter expression in the vagus nerve, nodose ganglion, and brainstem. Selective holographic photostimulation of axons resulted in changes in heart rate, surface cardiac electrogram, and respiratory responses that were different from responses elicited by whole nerve photostimulation.

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Erratum: Three-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of holographic patterns

Cited by 3 publications

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Two-Photon Neurotransmitter Uncaging for the Study of Dendritic Integration

Two-Photon Neurotransmitter Uncaging for the Study of Dendritic Integration

Optogenetic stimulation of complex spatio-temporal activity patterns by acousto-optic light steering probes cerebellar granular layer integrative properties

Selective Modulation of Heart and Respiration by Optical Control of Vagus Nerve Axons Innervating the Heart

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