Barr humbug: acute cerebellar ataxia due to Epstein-Barr virus

Davies, Benjamin; Machin, Nicholas; Lavin, Timothy; Haq, Mian Ayaz Ul

doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-215303

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4) is one of the prominent lymphocryptoviruses associated with a number of human cancers (Grywalska et al, 2013;Petersson, 2015). HHV4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), prevalent in 90 to 95% of the human population, is also clinically associated with various neurological diseases such as primary central nervous system lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cerebellar ataxia, and encephalitis (Ali and Lawthom, 2013;Corssmit et al, 1997;Davies et al, 2016;Fallo et al, 2005). Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-neurotropic and can infect neuronal cell lines, Sh-Sy5y and Ntera2 cells, as well as human primary neurons (Cho and Song, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of gammaherpesvirus infection in free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus)

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C THerpesvirus infection was investigated in black bears (Ursus americanus) with neurological signs and brain lesions of nonsuppurative encephalitis of unknown cause. Visible cytopathic effects (CPE) could only be observed on days 3-5 post-infection in HrT-18G cell line inoculated with bear tissue extracts. The observed CPE in HrT-18G cells included syncytia, intranuclear inclusions, and cell detachments seen in herpesvirus infection in vitro. Herpesvirus-like particles were observed in viral culture supernatant under the electron microscope, however, capsids ranging from 60 nm to 100 nm in size were often observed in viral cultures within the first two passages of propagation. Herpesvirus infection in the bear tissues and tissue cultures were detected by PCR using degenerate primers specific to the DNA polymerase gene (DPOL) and glycoprotein B gene (gB). DNA sequencing of the amplicon revealed that the detected herpesvirus has 94-95% identity to Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 (UrHV-1) DNA sequences of DPOL. Phylogenetic analysis of DPOL sequences indicates that black bear herpesviruses and UrHV-1 are closely related and have small distances to members of Rhadinovirus. Interestingly, black bear herpesvirus infections were also found in bears without neurological signs. The DPOL DNA sequence of black bear herpesviruses detected in neurological bears were similar to the those detected in the non-neurological bears. However, the gB DNA sequence detected from the neurological bear is different from non-neurological bear and has only 64.5%-70% identity to each other. It is possible that at least two different types of gammaherpesviruses are present in the U. americanus population or several gammaherpesviruses exist in ursine species. phoma, primary effusion lymphoma in human (Moore et al., 1996;Wong and Damania, 2005). However, both HHV-4 and HHV8 are

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