Dynamic and rheological properties of soft biological cell suspensions

Yazdani, Alireza; Li, Xuejin; Karniadakis, George Em

doi:10.1007/s00397-015-0869-4

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…Although several experiments have measured the effective viscosity of erythrocite-suspensions under a range of volume fractions and shear-rates [see, e.g., 35,36, for recent review of numerical and experimental results.] only Ref.…”

Section: Of φmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of suspensions of viscoelastic spheres: Deformability as an effective volume fraction

2018

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We study suspensions of deformable (viscoelastic) spheres in a Newtonian solvent in plane Couette geometry, by means of direct numerical simulations. We find that in the limit of vanishing inertia the effective viscosity µ of the suspension increases as the volume-fraction occupied by the spheres Φ increases and decreases as the elastic modulus of the spheres G decreases; the function µ(Φ, G) collapses to an universal function, µ(Φe), with a reduced effective volume fraction Φe(Φ, G). Remarkably, the function µ(Φe) is the well-known Eilers fit that describes the rheology of suspension of rigid spheres at all Φ. Our results suggest new ways to interpret macro-rheology of blood.Most of the fluids we encounter in our everyday lifefrom the mud we wade through to the blood that flows through our veins -are complex fluids. One of the most useful ways to understand the rheology of complex fluids is to model them as suspensions of objects in a Newtonian solvent with dynamic viscosity µ f and density ρ f [1,2]. The rheology of suspensions can be quite complex, as it depends on the shear-rateγ, the volume-fraction Φ occupied by the suspended objects, the properties of the suspended objects themselves (some examples are rigid spheres, bubbles, a different fluid enclosed in a membrane), and their poly-dispersity. In the simplest case of rigid spheres in the limit of small Φ, and vanishing inertia (smallγ), also ignoring thermal fluctuations (infinite Peclet number), the fractional increase in the effective viscosity of the suspension is given by [see, e.g., 3, section 4.11]At present there is no theory that allows us to calculate µ for any given Φ andγ. Different empirical formulas provide a good description to the existing experimental and numerical results [4][5][6][7]. Among those, we consider here the Eilers formula [1,2],which fits well the experimental and numerical data [5,6] for both low and high values of Φ, up to about 0.6. In the expression above, Φ m is the geometrical maximum packing fraction, and B is a constant, and the best fit to the data yields Φ m = 0.58 − 0.63 and B = 1.25 − 1.7.If the radius R of the spheres and the shear-rate are large enough, the particle Reynolds number, defined as Re ≡ (ρ f R 2γ )/µ f , is greater than unity, inertial effects are non negligible and the viscosity µ = µ(Φ, Re). Remarkably, direct numerical simulations (DNS) in Ref. [8] demonstrated that the Eilers fit is a good approximation even for inertial suspensions if Φ in Eq.(2) is replaced by an increased effective volume fraction, Φ e (Φ, Re). Due to the increase of the effective volume fraction with the applied shear, the suspension viscosity increases, a phenomenon called inertial shear-thickening.In this letter we add a different complexity to this problem, one that is particularly important to understand rheology of biological flows; while keeping small Re, we allow the suspended particles to be deformable.In particular, we model the spheres as viscoelastic material with an elastic shear-modulus G and viscosity µ s . There...

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Section: Of φmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of suspensions of viscoelastic spheres: Deformability as an effective volume fraction

2018

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“…Ideally, we seek a computationally efficient method which can accurately capture the physics of the fluid, particles, and their interactions. A number of approaches for this problem have been considered including Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) [19][20][21] and the Boundary Element Method (BEM) [22,23]. DPD demonstrates great scalability but does not rigorously treat the suspending fluid using the Navier-Stokes equations.…”

Section: Introduction 4 I Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersed-finite-element method for deformable particle suspensions in viscous and viscoelastic media

et al. 2018

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Deformable elastic bodies in viscous and viscoelastic media constitute a large portion of synthetic and biological complex fluids. We present a parallelized 3D-simulation methodology which fully resolves the momentum balance in the solid and fluid domains. An immersed boundary algorithm is exploited known as the immersed finite element method (IFEM) which accurately determines the internal forces in the solid domain. The scheme utilized has the advantages of requiring no costly re-meshing, handling finite Reynolds number, as well as incorporating non-linear viscoelasticity in the fluid domain. Our algorithm is designed for computationally efficient simulation of a multiparticle suspensions with mixed structure types. The internal force calculation in the solid domain in the IFEM is coupled with a finite volume based incompressible fluid solver, both of which are massively parallelized for distributed memory architectures. We performed extensive case studies to ensure the fidelity of our algorithm. Namely, a series of single particle simulations for capsules, red blood cells, and elastic solid deformable particles were conducted in viscous and viscoelastic media. All of our results are in excellent quantitative agreement with the corresponding reported data in the literature which are based on different simulation platforms. Furthermore, we assess the accuracy of multi-particle simulation of blood suspensions (red blood cells in plasma) with and without platelets. Finally, we present the results of a novel simulation of multiple solid deformable objects in a viscoelastic medium.

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“…The pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion involves several processes across multiple time and length scales, from

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for the kinetics of HbS polymerization to the hemodynamics of sickle blood flow, and from

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for the size of the protein to the dimensions of the microcirculatory vessels. During the past few decades, different aspects of this disease have been successfully investigated (Barabino et al, 2010; Steinberg, 1999; Frenette and Atweh, 2007; Yazdani et al, 2016). At the molecular scale, the HbS polymerization process has been characterized by a double nucleation mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics and biorheology of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia

Dao

Lykotrafitis

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder that causes painful crises due to vaso-occlusion of small blood vessels. The primary cause of the clinical phenotype of SCA is the intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin resulting in sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) in deoxygenated conditions. In this review, we discuss the biomechanical and biorheological characteristics of sickle RBCs and sickle blood as well as their implications toward a better understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of SCA. Additionally, we highlight the adhesive heterogeneity of RBCs in SCA and their specific contribution to vaso-occlusive crisis.

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Dynamic and rheological properties of soft biological cell suspensions

Cited by 22 publications

References 151 publications

Rheology of suspensions of viscoelastic spheres: Deformability as an effective volume fraction

Rheology of suspensions of viscoelastic spheres: Deformability as an effective volume fraction

Immersed-finite-element method for deformable particle suspensions in viscous and viscoelastic media

Biomechanics and biorheology of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia

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