Influence of Thyroid Hormones on Tendon Homeostasis

Oliva, Francesco; Piccirilli, Eleonora; Berardi, Anna C.; Tarantino, Umberto; Maffulli, Nicola

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_12

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, thyroid hormones are major determinants of tissue function, playing well-defined roles in cell signaling. The role of thyroid hormones in tenocyte physiology is a novel area of study in this field [14, 15, 40, 41]. Moreover, THs regulate the function of stem cells, controlling self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous reports have shown that tendons express thyroid hormone (TH) receptor isoforms and that T 3 and T 4 hormones enhance tenocyte proliferation in vitro [14, 15]. Moreover, T 3 and T 4 contrast apoptosis in healthy tenocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner [14, 15]. THs (especially T 3 ) stimulate cellular proliferation and type I collagen formation, the major fibrillar collagen in tendons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined ascorbic acid and T3 produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study

et al. 2019

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Background This pilot study aimed to ascertain whether the local application of ascorbic acid (AA), of T 3 , and of rat (r) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), alone or in all possible combinations, promoted healing after an Achilles tendon injury in a rat model. Methods An Achilles tendon defect was produced in 24 6–8-week-old male inbred Lewis rats. The animals were then randomly divided into eight groups of three rats each. The tendon defect was filled with 50 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing (1) 50 μg/mL AA (AA group), (2) 10 −7 M T 3 (T 3 group), (3) 4 × 10 6 rBMSCs (rBMSC group), (4) 50 μg/mL AA + 10 −7 M T 3 (AA + T 3 group), (5) 4 × 10 6 rBMSCs + 50 μg/mL AA (rBMSC + AA group), (6) 4 × 10 6 rBMSCs + 10 −7 M T 3 (rBMSC + T 3 group), (7) 4 × 10 6 rBMSCS + 50 μg/mL AA + 10 −7 M T 3 (rBMSC + AA + T 3 group), and (8) PBS only (control group: CTRL). All treatments were administered by local injection immediately after the tendons had been damaged; additionally, AA was injected also on the second and fourth day from the first injection (for groups 1, 4, 5, and 7), and T 3 was injected again every day for 4 days (for groups 2, 4, 6, and 7). At 30 days from initial treatment, tendon samples were harvested, and the quality of tendon repair was evaluated using histological and histomorphological analysis. The structure and morphology of the injured Achilles tendons were evaluated using the modified Svensson, Soslowsky, and Cook score, and the collagen type I and III ratio was calculated. Results The group treated with AA combined with T 3 displayed the lowest Svensson, Soslowsky, and Cook total score value of all tissue sections at histopathological examination, with fiber structure close to regular orientation, normal-like tendon vasculature, and no cartilage formation. AA + T 3 also showed the highest collagen I and the lowest collagen III values compared to all other treatments including the CTRL. Conclusion There are potential benefits using a combination of AA and T 3 to accelerate tendon healing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined ascorbic acid and T3 produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study

et al. 2019

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“…Animal studies showed that insertional Achilles CT is generated by a process similar to endochondral ossification, and it has a structure similar to trabecular bone 12 . In this process, resident MSCs and their erroneous differentiation into osteoblasts may play an important role 5 . Several studies discussed the adverse effects of MSCs in pathogenic conditions, including vascular calcification 13 , aortic valve calcification 14 , fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is increasing evidence about the influence of hormones and metabolic diseases, like hypothyroidism, obesity and diabetes mellitus, on tendons homeostasis [5][6][7] . More than 30% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes have tendon calcifications.…”

Section: © C I C E D I Z I O N I I N T E R N a Z I O N A L Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells: an in vitro study

VIa

McCarthy

Francke

et al. 2019

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons J

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Introduction: The physiopathology of calcific tendinopathy (CT) is largely unknown. It could be the result of an active cell-mediated process. Many endocrine and metabolic diseases may impair the homeostasis of the tendon. The present study investigated whether hyperglycemia may influence the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs). The hypothesis is that high glucose levels may induce bone differentiation of MSCs. Methods: Bone marrow (BM) was aspirated from the humeral head of three patients and concentrated. bMSCs were taken to the lab, counted, plated and grown to confluence. After 24 hrs cells were treated with MEM supplemented with low (5.0 mM), physiological (10 m M) and high (25 mM) glucose, (+) and (-) 10 m M insulin. Control cells were treated with MEM alone. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure changes in gene expression levels specific for fibrocartilage in bMSCs. Results: After 7 days, a significantly increased gene expression of collagen type I, type II, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin was found in bMSCs supplemented with high glucose compared both to control group, and to low and physiological glucose groups with and without insulin (p<0.05). When insulin was added to high glucose culture, a significantly higher expression of aggrecan, alkaline phosphatase, type I and II collagen, and fibronectin was found compared to all the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: When cultured in a high glucose medium, bMSCs express bone markers, and are able to differentiate toward an osteoblast lineage. CT may be caused by erroneous differentiation of MSCs in presence of high glucose serum levels.

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“…The structure and the function of the tendons could be impaired by several systemic metabolic, genetic and neurological diseases, such as diabetes (Batista et al, 2008), endocrinological disfunctions (hypothyroidism) (Oliva et al, 2016), genetic enzymatic defect and spasticity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendinopathies of the hip and pelvis in athletes: A narrative review

Sirico¹,

Palermi²,

Massa³

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science

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Tendon disorders represent some of the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. In the athletic population, tendinopathy could affect different anatomical districts. Tendons surrounding hip and pelvis are frequently involved due to overuse and high functional demands in the athletes. These disorders negatively impact on sport performance, since they are a long-lasting clinical condition requiring a multimodal management. Great trochanter pain syndrome, proximal hamstring tendinopathy, insertional adductor tendinopathy and ileopsoas tendinopathy are the most common clinical conditions involving tendon structures of the hip and pelvis. Due to the anatomical complexity of the region, the relationship with pelvic organs, the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the athletes, the differential diagnosis between these musculoskeletal disorders and other diseases is often difficult to conduct and some therapeutic options are challenging. Modification of risk factors, changes in training protocols, some specific therapeutic exercise programs and rehabilitation procedures have been proposed as an efficient conservative management strategy, guarantying a complete recovery of athletic function. Surgical approaches are required in a specific subset of patients. This narrative literature review aims to summarize current understanding and areas of ongoing research about the clinical features, diagnostic keys and therapeutic options of the main clinical tendinopathies surrounding hip and pelvis.

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Influence of Thyroid Hormones on Tendon Homeostasis

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Combined ascorbic acid and T3 produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study

Combined ascorbic acid and T3 produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study

Hyperglycemia induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells: an in vitro study

Tendinopathies of the hip and pelvis in athletes: A narrative review

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