Large-Scale Survey for Tickborne Bacteria, Khammouan Province, Laos

Taylor, Andrew; Vongphayloth, Khamsing; Vongsouvath, Malavanh; Grandadam, Marc; Brey, Paul T.; Newton, Paul N.; Sutherland, Ian W.; Dittrich, Sabine

doi:10.3201/eid2209.151969

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…PCR use: VD, diagnostics in arthropod vectors; HD, diagnostics in human samples; S, used for sequencing purposes.aaka: fD1.baka: Rick17 assay.caka: Rick17b assay (developed from Rick17 assay).daka: 17 kDa-1/Primer1; addition of ACA on 3′ end in references [42,45]. eaka: 17 kDa-2/Rr2608Rnew/Primer2; base change G20A in references [29,42,45]; base change T7C in references [42,45]; base change A22C in reference [38]. fBase change A22C in reference [38].…”

Section: Sfg Infection and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of spotted fever groupRickettsiainfections: the Asian perspective

et al. 2019

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Spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFG) are a neglected group of bacteria, belonging to the genus Rickettsia, that represent a large number of new and emerging infectious diseases with a worldwide distribution. The diseases are zoonotic and are transmitted by arthropod vectors, mainly ticks, fleas and mites, to hosts such as wild animals. Domesticated animals and humans are accidental hosts. In Asia, local people in endemic areas as well as travellers to these regions are at high risk of infection. In this review we compare SFG molecular and serological diagnostic methods and discuss their limitations. While there is a large range of molecular diagnostics and serological assays, both approaches have limitations and a positive result is dependent on the timing of sample collection. There is an increasing need for less expensive and easy-to-use diagnostic tests. However, despite many tests being available, their lack of suitability for use in resource-limited regions is of concern, as many require technical expertise, expensive equipment and reagents. In addition, many existing diagnostic tests still require rigorous validation in the regions and populations where these tests may be used, in particular to establish coherent and worthwhile cut-offs. It is likely that the best strategy is to use a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence assay in tandem. If the specimen is collected early enough in the infection there will be no antibodies but there will be a greater chance of a PCR positive result. Conversely, when there are detectable antibodies it is less likely that there will be a positive PCR result. It is therefore extremely important that a complete medical history is provided especially the number of days of fever prior to sample collection. More effort is required to develop and validate SFG diagnostics and those of other rickettsial infections.

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Section: Sfg Infection and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…eaka: 17 kDa-2/Rr2608Rnew/Primer2; base change G20A in references [29,42,45]; base change T7C in references [42,45]; base change A22C in reference [38]. …”

Section: Sfg Infection and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of spotted fever groupRickettsiainfections: the Asian perspective

et al. 2019

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“…IRS3 Ixodes nipponensis (tick)NANoh et al (2017)Laos R. helvetica NAHuman (serum)Phongmany et al (2006) R. conorii. indica NAHuman (serum)Phongmany et al (2006) R. felis NAHuman (serum)Phongmany et al (2006) Ctenocephalides felis felis (flea)DogVaragnol et al (2009) Ctenocephalides felis orientis (flea)Cat & DogVaragnol et al (2009) Ctenocephalides canis (flea)DogVaragnol et al (2009) R. felis URRWXCal2 NAHumanDittrich et al (2014) R. tamurae Amblyomma testudinarium (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) R. japonica Amblyomma testudinarium (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) R. sp. ATT Amblyomma testudinarium (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) R. sp.…”

Section: Sfgr Infection and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TwKM01 Amblyomma testudinarium (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) Candidatus Rickettsia laoensis Haemaphysalis sp. (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) Candidatus Rickettsia mahosotii Haemaphysalis sp. (tick), Amblyomma testudinarium (tick)NATaylor et al (2016) Candidatus Rickettsia khammouanensis Haemaphysalis sp.…”

Section: Sfgr Infection and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Ecological Drivers of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in Asia

et al. 2019

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Spotted fever group and related rickettsia (SFGR) are a neglected group of pathogens that belong to the genus Rickettsia. SFGR are zoonotic and are transmitted by arthropod vectors, primarily ticks, fleas and mites to accidental hosts. These emerging and re-emerging infections are widely distributed throughout the world. Land-use change and increasing human–wildlife conflict compound the risk of SFGR infection to local people in endemic areas and travelers to these regions. In this article, we discuss the rickettsial organisms causing spotted fever and related diseases, their arthropod vectors in Asia and the impact of land-use change on their spread.

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