Giving a voice to millions: developing the <scp>WHO</scp> application of ICD‐10 to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD‐PM

Allanson, ER; Tunçalp, Özge; Gardosi, Jason; Rc, Pattinson; Vogel, Joshua P.; Erwich, Johannes; Flenady, Vicki; Frøen, J Frederik; Neilson, Jim; Quach, Alicia; Francis, André; Mathai, Matthews; Say, Lale; Gülmezoglu, A Metin

doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14243

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…5,7 In brief, the application of ICD-PM to a perinatal death, which is based on ICD-10 coding rules, is as follows. The reviewing clinical team identifies the cause of perinatal death and this is later assigned a three-character ICD-10 code (a letter followed by two numbers, e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper 1 details the development of the ICD-PM. 5 Paper 2 demonstrates the application of ICD-PM, using two perinatal death databases from South Africa and the UK. 7 In paper 3 we use preterm neonatal deaths as an informative case study of a challenging condition where ICD-PM enables the improved use of data regarding causes of death and contributing factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data), 3,4 we have developed, through a consultative process, the WHO application of the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to deaths during the perinatal period (ICD Perinatal Mortality, ICD-PM). 5,6 ICD-PM captures information to allow us to target the combined needs of the mother-baby dyad. The ICD-PM separates perinatal deaths by timing of death (antenatal, intrapartum, or neonatal), and ensures that both the perinatal cause of death and the maternal condition at the time of perinatal death are captured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ICD-PM separates perinatal deaths by timing of death (antenatal, intrapartum, or neonatal), and ensures that both the perinatal cause of death and the maternal condition at the time of perinatal death are captured. 5 In the initial pilot testing of ICD-PM, two things became clear. 7 Firstly, there is scope for the ICD-10 codes that are currently applied to maternal condition at the time of perinatal death to be more specific, and thus better guide programmes that would result in a triple return in investment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We aimed to test the ICD-PM system described previously with maternal codes from ICD-MM, in order to compare this with the maternal codes currently used in ICD-PM, and to explore potential benefits in the quality of data received after this change. 5,7 This is the fourth in a series of papers related to the development and application of the ICD-PM (Box 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimising the International Classification of Diseases to identify the maternal condition in the case of perinatal death

Allanson

Tuncalp

Gardosi

et al. 2016

BJOG

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Objective The WHO application of the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to deaths during the perinatal period (ICD Perinatal Mortality, ICD-PM) captures the essential characteristics of the mother-baby dyad that contribute to perinatal deaths. We compare the capture of maternal conditions in the existing ICD-PM with the maternal codes from the WHO application of ICD-10 to deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (ICD Maternal Mortality, ICD-MM) to explore potential benefits in the quality of data received.Design Retrospective application of ICD-PM.Setting South Africa and the UK.Population Perinatal death databases.Methods The maternal conditions were classified using the ICD-PM groupings for maternal condition in perinatal death, and then mapped to the ICD-MM groupings of maternal conditions.Main outcome measures Main maternal conditions in perinatal deaths.Results We reviewed 9661 perinatal deaths. The largest group (4766 cases, 49.3%) in both classifications captures deaths where there was no contributing maternal condition. Each of the other ICD-PM groups map to between three and six ICD-MM groups. If the cases in each ICD-PM group are re-coded using ICD-MM, each group becomes multiple, more specific groups. For example, the 712 cases in group M4 in ICD-PM become 14 different and more specific main disease categories when the ICD-MM is applied instead.Conclusions As we move towards ICD-11, the use of the more specific, applicable, and relevant codes outlined in ICD-MM for both maternal deaths and the maternal condition at the time of a perinatal death would be preferable, and would provide important additional information about perinatal deaths.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optimising the International Classification of Diseases to identify the maternal condition in the case of perinatal death

Allanson

Tuncalp

Gardosi

et al. 2016

BJOG

Self Cite

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Stillbirths and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Looking beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Kumar

Puri

Yadav

et al. 2021

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To study the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak and subsequent lockdown on the incidence, associated causes, and modifiable factors of stillbirth. Methods An analytical case‐control study was performed comparing stillbirths from March to September 2020 (cases) and March to September 2019 (controls) in a tertiary care center in India. Modifiable factors were observed as level‐I, level‐II, and level‐III delays. Results A significant difference in the rate of stillbirths was found among cases (37.4/1000) and controls (29.9/1000) (P = 0.045). Abruption in normotensive women was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P = 0.03). Modifiable factors or preventable causes were noted in 76.1% of cases and 59.6% of controls; the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001, relative risk [RR] 1.8). Level‐II delays or delays in reaching the hospital for delivery due to lack of transport were observed in 12.7% of cases compared to none in controls (P < 0.006, RR 47.7). Level‐III delays or delays in providing care at the facility were observed in 31.3% of cases and 11.5% of controls (P < 0.001, RR 2.7). Conclusion Although there was no difference in causes of stillbirth between cases and controls, level‐II and level‐III delays were significantly impacted by the pandemic, leading to a higher rate of preventable stillbirths in pregnant women not infected with COVID‐19.

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Causes and investigation of stillbirths in Brazil: A multicentre cross‐sectional study in 10 referral maternity hospitals

Brasileiro,

Metelus,

Griggio

et al. 2024

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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ObjectiveUnderstanding the local characteristics and statistics related to stillbirths may be the first step in a series of strategies associated with a reduction in stillbirth ratio. The aim of this study was to estimate the fetal mortality ratio and evaluate the investigation processes related to the causes of death, comparing the investigation according to the specific cause of death.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was retrospectively conducted in 10 tertiary obstetric care centers. Medical records of women with stillbirth managed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were analyzed and classified, according to sociodemographic characteristics, and gestational and childbirth data, culminating in stillbirth. The stillbirth ratio and its causes were presented in proportions for the study period and individually for each health facility.ResultsCases of 3390 stillbirths were analyzed. The stillbirth ratio varied from 10.74/1000 live births (LBs) in 2009 to 9.31/1000 in 2018. “Intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia” (ICD‐10 P20) and “unspecific causes of death” (ICD‐10 P95) represented 40.8% of the causes of death. Investigation for TORCHS and diabetes occurred in 90.8% and 61.4% of deaths, respectively. Placental and necroscopic tests were performed in 36.6% of the cases.ConclusionThe adoption of a rational and standardized investigation of stillbirth remains an unmet need; the use of additional tests and examinations are lacking, especially when unspecific causes are attributed.

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Giving a voice to millions: developing the WHO application of ICD‐10 to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD‐PM

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Optimising the International Classification of Diseases to identify the maternal condition in the case of perinatal death

Optimising the International Classification of Diseases to identify the maternal condition in the case of perinatal death

Stillbirths and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Looking beyond SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Causes and investigation of stillbirths in Brazil: A multicentre cross‐sectional study in 10 referral maternity hospitals

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