Microbiota from Rhabditis regina may alter nematode entomopathogenicity

Jiménez-Cortés, J. Guillermo; Canales-Lazcano, Jorge; Lara-Reyes, Nancy; Rosenblueth, Mónica; Martı́nez-Romero, Esperanza; Contreras‐Garduño, Jorge

doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5190-3

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Apart from the well-studied nematode-associated Wolbachia , there appear to be few reports of studies designed to identify the bacteria associated with Ascaris suum 5,6 and Trichuri muris 7 . More recent attention has focused on the alteration of nematode entomopathogenicity by Rhabditis regina microbiome 8 . The hypervariable regions of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) provide species-specific signature sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the microbial community (microflora) associated with ovine Haemonchus contortus (macroflora) field strains

El‐Ashram

Suo

2017

Sci Rep

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High-throughput sequencing technology has shown tremendous promise for microbial community composition and diversity. Illumina MiSeq platform was exploited to study the microbial community associated with the different stages of the life-cycle of ovine Haemonchus contortus field strains using two distinct amplification primer sets (targeting V3–V4, and V5–V7). Scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction coupled with Illumina MiSeq platform were employed to confirm the absence of any parasite surface contamination by intact bacteria or their DNA products. Results showed 48 (V3–V4 tags) and 28 (V5–V7 tags) bacterial genera comprised the microbial flora of H. contortus microbiome. The dominant bacterial genera belonged to Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas and Ochrobactrum, which were shared in all the stages of the parasite life-cycle using V3–V4 and V5–V7 amplicons. Moreover, the parasite microbiome could reflect the external micro-organisms (i.e. micro- and macro-habitats). There is abundant room for further progress in comparing microbiome of different helminths, which has, and will continue to offer considerable potential for better understanding a wide-variety of devastating animal and human diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the microbial community (microflora) associated with ovine Haemonchus contortus (macroflora) field strains

El‐Ashram

Suo

2017

Sci Rep

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“…On the other hand, mites and nematodes always co-occur in Nicrophorus. They also found that mites reduce the burden of nematodes on eclosing adults by up to sixfold from ~18,000/individual to ~3,000/individual (Wilson & Knollenberg, 1987 and nematodes, but also should include the microbial species that live on and within the beetles and carcass, and also the microbes that are carried within the nematodes, especially because these bacteria may be directly associated with nematode entomopathogenicity (Dillman et al, 2012;Jiménez-Cortés et al, 2016). They also found that mites reduce the burden of nematodes on eclosing adults by up to sixfold from ~18,000/individual to ~3,000/individual (Wilson & Knollenberg, 1987 and nematodes, but also should include the microbial species that live on and within the beetles and carcass, and also the microbes that are carried within the nematodes, especially because these bacteria may be directly associated with nematode entomopathogenicity (Dillman et al, 2012;Jiménez-Cortés et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reduction could have different causes, from direct consumption of nematodes to other types of interference competition, Regardless, their experiments make clear the importance of examining the effects of phoretic species in the context of the entire community. This includes mites and nematodes, but also should include the microbial species that live on and within the beetles and carcass, and also the microbes that are carried within the nematodes, especially because these bacteria may be directly associated with nematode entomopathogenicity (Dillman et al, 2012;Jiménez-Cortés et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides

Wang

Rozen

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Nicrophorus vespilloides is a social beetle that rears its offspring on decomposing carrion. Wild beetles are frequently associated with two types of macrobial symbionts, mites, and nematodes. Although these organisms are believed to be phoretic commensals that harmlessly use beetles as a means of transfer between carcasses, the role of these symbionts on N. vespilloides fitness is poorly understood. Here, we show that nematodes have significant negative effects on beetle fitness across a range of worm densities and also quantify the density‐dependent transmission of worms between mating individuals and from parents to offspring. Using field‐caught beetles, we provide the first report of a new nematode symbiont in N. vespilloides, most closely related to Rhabditoides regina, and show that worm densities are highly variable across individuals isolated from nature but do not differ between males and females. Next, by inoculating mating females with increasing densities of nematodes, we show that worm infections significantly reduce brood size, larval survival, and larval mass, and also eliminate the trade‐off between brood size and larval mass. Finally, we show that nematodes are efficiently transmitted between mating individuals and from mothers to larvae, directly and indirectly via the carcass, and that worms persist through pupation. These results show that the phoretic nematode R. regina can be highly parasitic to burying beetles but can nevertheless persist because of efficient mechanisms of intersexual and intergenerational transmission. Phoretic species are exceptionally common and may cause significant harm to their hosts, even though they rely on these larger species for transmission to new resources. However, this harm may be inevitable and unavoidable if transmission of phoretic symbionts requires nematode proliferation. It will be important to determine the generality of our results for other phoretic associates of animals. It will equally be important to assess the fitness effects of phoretic species under changing resource conditions and in the field where diverse interspecific interactions may exacerbate or reduce the negative effects of phoresy.

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“…This reduction could have different causes, from direct consumption of nematodes to other types of interference competition; regardless, their experiments make clear the importance of examining the effects of phoretic species in the context of the entire community. This includes mites and nematodes, but also should include the microbial species that live on and within the beetles and carcass, and also the microbes that are carried within the nematodes, especially because these bacteria may be directly associated with nematode entomopathogenicity (44,48). Phoresy is extremely common in nematodes (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness effects and transmission of phoretic nematodes of the burying beetle,Nicrophorus vespilloides

Wang¹,

Rozen²

2017

Preprint

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1. Nicrophorus vespilloides is a cosmopolitan social beetle that rears its offspring on decomposing carrion. Wild beetles are frequently associated with two types of macrobial symbionts, mites and nematodes.2. Although these organisms are believed to be phoretic commensals that harmlessly use beetles as a means of transfer between carcasses, the role of these symbionts on N. vespilloides fitness is poorly understood. Here we show that nematodes have significant negative effects on beetle fitness across a range of worm densities and also quantify the density-dependent transmission of worms between mating individuals and from parents to offspring.3. Using field-caught beetles, we provide the first report of a new nematode symbiont in N. vespilloides, most closely related to Rhabditoides regina, and show that worm densities are highly variable across individuals isolated from nature but do not differ between males and females. Next, by inoculating mating females with increasing densities of nematodes, we show that worm infections significantly reduce brood size, larval survival and larval mass, and also eliminate the trade-off between brood size and larval mass. Finally, we show that nematodes are efficiently transmitted between mating individuals and from mothers to larvae, directly and indirectly via the carcass, and that worms persist through pupation. 4. These results show that the phoretic nematode R. regina can be highly parasitic to burying beetles but can nevertheless persist because of efficient mechanisms of intersexual and intergenerational transmission. 5. Phoretic species are exceptionally common and may cause significant harm to their hosts, even though they rely on these larger species for transmission to new resources. However, this harm may be inevitable and unavoidable if transmission of phoretic symbionts requires nematode proliferation. It will be important to determine the generality of our result for other phoretic associates of animals.

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Microbiota from Rhabditis regina may alter nematode entomopathogenicity

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Exploring the microbial community (microflora) associated with ovine Haemonchus contortus (macroflora) field strains

Exploring the microbial community (microflora) associated with ovine Haemonchus contortus (macroflora) field strains

Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides

Fitness effects and transmission of phoretic nematodes of the burying beetle,Nicrophorus vespilloides

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