Unintended Childbearing and Child Growth in Northern Malawi

Baschieri, Angela; Machiyama, Kazuyo; Floyd, Sian; Dube, Albert; Molesworth, Anna; Chihana, Menard; Glynn, Judith R.; Crampin, Amelia C.; French, Neil; Cleland, John

doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2124-8

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Studies in Nepal, Kenya and Peru have found unwanted pregnancies to be associated with incomplete vaccination statuses by the child's first birthday (Marston and Cleland 2003;Echaiz et al 2018), but no relationship was found in Bolivia and the Philippines (Marston and Cleland 2003). Likewise, for nutritional status, children of unwanted pregnancies in Bangladesh were more likely to be stunted, wasted and underweight (Rahman 2015); however, no effect was found between pregnancy intention and stunting in Malawi (Baschieri et al 2017). The inconsistency between our results and the previous findings could Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the extant literature (Marston and Cleland 2003;Hajizadeh et al 2015;Rahman 2015;Rahman et al 2016;Baschieri et al 2017; Hajizadeh 2019), we controlled for birth characteristics (gender, age of child, birth order) and household-level covariates (mother's age at birth, mother's marital status, mother's education, household living standard/wealth and region) that have been consistently collected in all DHS surveys and country-level covariates [GDP per capita and public health expenditures per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP), 2011 prices, international $] in our analysis. A constructed wealth index (WI) for each household in the DHS surveys was used as a measure of the household living standard.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, some studies (e.g. Marston and Cleland 2003;Wado et al 2013;Rahman 2015;Rahman et al 2016;Baschieri et al 2017;Echaiz et al 2018) have analysed the effect of unintended pregnancies on health and healthcare utilization in LMICs. However, the findings from these studies have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does unwanted pregnancy lead to adverse health and healthcare utilization for mother and child? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Hajizadeh

Nghiem

2020

Int J Public Health

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Objectives Unwanted pregnancy is an important public health concern in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using a pooled dataset from 48 Demographic Health Surveys conducted in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe (n = 494,778), we examined the effect of unwanted pregnancy on maternal and child healthcare utilization and child health outcomes in LMICs. Methods We used logistic regression models to estimate the effect of unwanted pregnancy on antenatal care use, supervised delivery, childhood vaccination and three indicators of child health, viz. stunting (height-forage), underweight (weight-forage) and wasting (weight-for-height). Results We found that mothers of children whose pregnancies had been unwanted had a lower probability of attending four or more antenatal care visits by 3.6% (95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.4%) compared to those whose pregnancy was wanted. We did not find significant impacts of unwanted pregnancy on supervised delivery, childhood vaccination uptake or child health indicators. Conclusions Birth characteristics, household-level determinants and country-level characteristics seem to be more closely related to maternal and child healthcare utilization as well as child health outcomes than whether the pregnancy was wanted or unwanted in LMICs. Keywords Unwanted pregnancy Á Maternal and child healthcare Á Child health Á Low-and middle-income countries This article is part of the special issue ''Sexual and reproductive health of young people-Focus Africa''. The Rudolf Geigy Foundation (Basel, Switzerland) funded the open access publication of this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does unwanted pregnancy lead to adverse health and healthcare utilization for mother and child? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Hajizadeh

Nghiem

2020

Int J Public Health

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“…In 2016, WHO released new recommendations regarding antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. The WHO states that at least eight antenatal visits are recommended to reduce perinatal mortality, increasing overall quality of antenatal care and improving maternal satisfaction [17]. In the present study, data collection only occurred at healthcare facilities, so all the study participants had at least one antenatal visit; however, the participants may have been in various trimesters of pregnancy and may have had additional visits after the study.…”

Section: Antenatal Care and Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Assessment of dietary diversity, antenatal care, food taboos, meal frequency, and nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study

Walters¹,

Bendulo²,

Stoecker³

2019

AJFAND

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High rates of pregnancy during adolescence in Malawi compromise the nutritional status of adolescent mothers and their infants. When a pregnant adolescent is malnourished, she is at risk for health complications. Research focusing on the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in Malawi is minimal. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary diversity, antenatal care, food taboos, meal frequency, and nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi. The study included sixty-two pregnant adolescents between 15-19 years old. Data collection included the use of a pre-tested questionnaire, standardized dietary diversity survey and measurements of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), height, and hemoglobin. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, linear and logistic regression. Mean (SD) age was 17.7 (1.2) years. Mean MUAC was 25.9 (2.0) cm; 31% had MUAC <25 cm. The occurrence of stunting was 19% and 21% were ≤150 cm tall. The mean hemoglobin was 10.37 (1.93) g/dL and 66% were anemic. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.06 (1.18) and 69% did not achieve minimum dietary diversity (score ≥ five.) No participants consumed dairy and only 7% consumed eggs. Eating meat and poultry or dark green leafy vegetables predicted a 1.31g/dL (pvalue = 0.0306) or 1.08 g/dL (p-value =0.0331) increase in hemoglobin levels, respectively (R 2 =0.15). Food taboos during pregnancy were common (35%). Compared to the Malawi National Nutrition Guidelines, 87% were not eating daily from each of the six food groups and 74% were not meeting the recommended meal frequency during pregnancy (three meals and at least one snack/day). Less than 50% consumed foods from legumes/nuts and animal food groups. The majority (63%) did not take antenatal supplements and only 37% consumed ferrous sulfate. Only 52% received advice about nutrition during pregnancy and few (8%) received advice about infant and young child feeding. Girls who received nutrition advice were more likely to take an iron supplement [OR=4.19 (1.82-9.68), p=0.0008] compared to those who did not. As the number of antenatal visits increased, the participants were more likely to take a supplement [OR=11.88 (3.40-41.49) p=0.001]. Interventions for pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi should occur early in pregnancy and include education on dietary diversity, increasing hemoglobin levels, meal frequency, food taboos, antenatal supplements and infant and young child feeding.

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“…Se ha identificado que la gran mayoría de los estudios, analizados para la elaboración del presente trabajo, se enfoca en la asociación entre la intención de la madre con los indicadores de crecimiento del niño mas no en las prácticas beneficiosas, como la suplementación con hierro, la lactancia materna exclusiva, la lactancia la primera hora de vida, etc. (8)(9)(10). No obstante, como se evidencia, la importancia de prácticas nutricionales correctas durante y después del embarazo, son necesarias para asegurar el adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños (10).…”

Section: Conclusiónunclassified

Intención de embarazo, cuidados prenatales y lactancia materna en el Perú: un subanálisis de la ENDES 2016

Chávez¹,

Menéndez²

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A nuestros padres, por su constante apoyo y comprensión. Background: Woman´s pregnancy intention in Peru is a sensitive issue, little explored and could affect the gestation of her product. Our objective is to evaluate if the intention of pregnancy, gestational care and breastfeeding are associated. Methods: Population-based study based on data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2016. We include children born in the 5 years prior to the survey and their respective mothers (15 to 49 years old). The exhibition was the intention of pregnancy and the outcomes studied were the attendance to prenatal care, the use of iron, immediate breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in children under 6 months. The descriptive and inferential analyzes considered the complex sampling nature of the ENDES 2016. The Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the variables and an expanded population was used. Results: Of the 40 483 initial records, we created a subpopulation only with children who had data of all the variables to study and their respective mothers (n = 17 925 mother-child pairs) and another subpopulation only with children under 6 months (n = 1 460 mother-child pairs). 47,96% of the children were wanted, 31,57% were wanted at another time and 20,46% were unwanted. Being unwanted decreases the prevalence of prenatal care control assistance [PR: 0,89 (IC95%: 0,86-0,94)]. We did not find an association between the intention of the pregnancy with the other outcomes. Conclusion: The intention of pregnancy is associated with the assistance to prenatal controls in a negative way; but not with subsequent behaviors related to breastfeeding.

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Unintended Childbearing and Child Growth in Northern Malawi

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Does unwanted pregnancy lead to adverse health and healthcare utilization for mother and child? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Does unwanted pregnancy lead to adverse health and healthcare utilization for mother and child? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries

Assessment of dietary diversity, antenatal care, food taboos, meal frequency, and nutritional status of pregnant adolescents in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study

Intención de embarazo, cuidados prenatales y lactancia materna en el Perú: un subanálisis de la ENDES 2016

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