The developmental and genetic bases of apetaly in Bocconia frutescens (Chelidonieae: Papaveraceae)

Abstract

BackgroundBocconia and Macleaya are the only genera of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) lacking petals; however, the developmental and genetic processes underlying such evolutionary shift have not yet been studied.ResultsWe studied floral development in two species of petal-less poppies Bocconiafrutescens and Macleayacordata as well as in the closely related petal-bearing Stylophorum diphyllum. We generated a floral transcriptome of B. frutescens to identify MADS-box ABCE floral organ identity genes expressed during early floral development. We performed phylogenetic analyses of these genes across Ranunculales as well as RT-PCR and qRT-PCR to assess loci-specific expression patterns. We found that petal-to-stamen homeosis in petal-less poppies occurs through distinct developmental pathways. Transcriptomic analyses of B. frutescens floral buds showed that homologs of all MADS-box genes are expressed except for the APETALA3-3 ortholog. Species-specific duplications of other ABCE genes in B. frutescens have resulted in functional copies with expanded expression patterns than those predicted by the model.ConclusionsPetal loss in B. frutescens is likely associated with the lack of expression of AP3-3 and an expanded expression of AGAMOUS. The genetic basis of petal identity is conserved in Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae although they have different number of AP3 paralogs and exhibit dissimilar floral groundplans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13227-016-0054-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Evolution and Expression of Reproductive Transition Regulatory Genes FT/TFL1 With Emphasis in Selected Neotropical Orchids

“…For additional sampling across angiosperms, we searched NCBI 4 , OneKP 5 , Phytometasyn 6 , Phytozome 7 , and included homologs reported by Pin et al (2010); Hsu et al (2011), Navarro et al (2011), and Harig et al (2012. We also searched for FT/TFL1-like homologs in transcriptomes available in our lab for the Magnoliids Aristolochia fimbriata and A. ringens, the monocots Cattleya trianae and Hypoxis decumbens, and the eudicots Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae), Brunfelsia australis, and Streptosolen jamesonii (Solanaceae) (Pabón-Mora et al, 2015;Arango-Ocampo et al, 2016;Madrigal et al, 2017;Ortiz-Ramírez et al, 2018;Suárez-Baron et al, 2019).…”

Gene Duplication and Transference of Function in the paleoAP3 Lineage of Floral Organ Identity Genes

“…No AP3-III paralog has been identified so far in Thalictrum by PCR ( Di Stilio et al, 2005 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ) or by BLAST search of available transcriptomes (unpublished data). Functional studies of the Aquilegia coerulea AP3-III ortholog provide evidence for sub-functionalization of this gene to petal identity ( Sharma et al, 2011 ) and this function appears to be conserved throughout the order, including Papaveraceae ( Arango-Ocampo et al, 2016 ); the lack of an AP3-III ortholog in Thalictrum therefore correlates with the loss of petals in the genus ( Di Stilio et al, 2005 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ).…”

Duplication and Diversification of REPLUMLESS – A Case Study in the Papaveraceae

“…We performed BLASTN targeted searches in previously assembled transcriptomes of Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) (Arango-Ocampo et al, 2016; Zumajo-Cardona et al, 2017), using as query sequences those previously reported for other Papaveraceae RPL homologs [i.e., Papaver somniferum RPL (KKCW-2001151, OneKP) and Sanguinaria canadensis RPL (XHKT-2009137, OneKP; Pabón-Mora et al, 2014)] as well as the Arabidopsis thaliana sequence (AT5G02030).…”