Erratum for Bergstrand et al., Delineation of Steroid-Degrading Microorganisms through Comparative Genomic Analysis

Abstract

, 2016. Some chemical structures in the downstream AB-and CD-ring degradation pathways in Fig. 1 were incorrect. The revised Fig. 1 (below) shows the correct structures.

Unraveling the 17β-Estradiol Degradation Pathway in Novosphingobium tardaugens NBRC 16725

“…The final phase of estrogen degradation that encompasses the HIP degradation pathway follows a series of biochemical reactions involving enzymes similar to those for β-oxidation of fatty acids that in N. tardaugens are encoded in the SD cluster involved in the degradation of TES (Ibero et al, 2019a). Three pieces of evidence support that N. tardaugens uses the same gene products to degrade the C and D rings of both androgens and estrogens: (i) the SD cluster is upregulated in the presence of both E2 and TES compared with pyruvate; (ii) many of the genes contained in the SD cluster do not have other homologs in the N. tardaugens genome; and (iii) the predicted CD-ring degradation genes are highly conserved among different genera of steroidmetabolizing bacteria (Horinouchi et al, 2012(Horinouchi et al, , 2019Holert et al, 2016;Van Hamme et al, 2016;Crowe et al, 2017).…”

“…The degradation of A and B rings of steroids is achieved through different peripheral pathways depending on the compound, including the 9,10-seco pathway (for aerobic degradation of sterols and androgens), the 2,3-seco pathway (for the anaerobic degradation of sterols and androgens), and the 4,5seco pathway (for aerobic degradation of estrogens) (Wang et al, 2014;Van Hamme et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017). The anaerobic degradation of estrogens has been described in the Denitratisoma sp.…”

The steroid side-chain–cleaving aldolase Ltp2–ChsH2DUF35 is a thiolase superfamily member with a radically repurposed active site

“…Homologs of ltp2 and chsH2 are found in sterol/bile acid degradation gene clusters of other bacteria, suggesting similar enzymes are used by diverse bacterial species to remove the last isopropyl side chains attached to the D-ring of various steroids (1,8,13). Here, we report the first structure of an Ltp2 in complex with the DUF35 domain of ChsH2.…”

“…Certain bacteria from the actinobacteria and proteobacteria phyla have the unusual ability to utilize steroids as sole carbon sources (1,2). This microbial metabolic capacity is important for the removal of steroid waste in the environment, and the associated catabolic pathways have been exploited for the synthesis of steroidal pharmaceuticals (3).…”

Circulating androgen regulation by androgen-catabolizing gut bacteria in male mouse gut

“…The bacterial catabolism of sex steroids has been characterized at the molecular level [see 23 for a recent review]. Aerobic androgen catabolism through the steroid 9,10- seco pathway has been well characterized 24–26 ; it includes 3,17-dihydroxy-9,10- seco -androsta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9-one (3,17-DHSA) 27 and the 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase gene kshAB 28 as characteristic androgen metabolite and degradation genes, respectively. By using several denitrifying proteobacteria as the model organisms, we previously established an anaerobic degradation pathway (the steroid 2,3- seco pathway) for androgens; moreover, the 17β-hydroxy-1-oxo-2,3- seco -androstan-3-oic acid (abbreviated as 2,3-SAOA) 29 and atcABC encoding the 1-testosterone hydratase/dehydrogenase 30 were identified as the characteristic androgen metabolite and degradation genes for this anaerobic pathway, respectively.…”