Coexistence of mcr-1 and bla _NDM-1 in Escherichia coli from Venezuela

Abstract

bWe studied the presence of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in human, animal, and environmental Enterobacteriaceae samples from Cumana, Venezuela, that were collected in 2015. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 2/93 Escherichia coli isolates from swine (novel ST452) and human (ST19) samples that were resistant to colistin. Whole-genome sequencing and transformation experiments identified mcr-1 on an IncI2 plasmid. One of the isolates also bore the widely spread carbapenemase NDM-1. A One Health approach is necessary to further elucidate the flux of these high-risk genes.

Dissemination and Mechanism for the MCR-1 Colistin Resistance

“…In agreement with proposal by Petrillo and coauthors [43], the deletion of this IS Apl1 insertion sequence might be the relic of the mcr-1 dissemination. It was reported that the mcr - 1 colistin resistance gene is present in a multidrug-resistant plasmid [22] or coexists with other resistance genes like extended spectrum β-lactamase [16,19–21], and even the notorious NDM-1 [44] and its variants (NDM-5 [23] and NDM-9 [24]). We also found that the pE15017 is an ESBL and MCR-1 coproducing plasmid similar to pA31-12, a recently-isolated plasmid from China [30].…”

Next-generation approaches to understand and combat the antibiotic resistome

“…With the high levels of antibiotic prescription in medicine and unregulated antibiotic use in agriculture around the world it is likely that it is only a matter of time before completely pan-resistant plasmids are found that combine the above resistance mechanisms. Indeed, the coexistence of NDM1 and MCR1 in members of the Enterobacteriaceae has already been observed 55,132 , and a recent report documented the co-transfer of mcr1 and ndm5 on a mobile hybrid IncX3–X4 plasmid 133 .…”

Bacteria from Animals as a Pool of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

“…Based on Delgado-Blas et al [194], Di Pilato et al [195], Jeannot et al [168], Kong et al [196], Liu et al [192] and Mediavilla et al [197]. A, animal origin; E, environmental origin; F, food origin; H, human origin; W, wildlife origin.…”