Targeted Nanosystems to Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains an increasingly common malignancy worldwide. Many advances in drug development have been achieved for the conventional treatments; however, chemotherapeutic agents are distributed nonspecifically in the body where they affect both prostate cancer and healthy cells. Limited dose achievable within the prostate tumor and suboptimal treatment due to excessive toxicities reveal the importance of the development of more specific mechanisms and ways of drug targeting to prostate tumor. In this context, nanotechnology, molecular biology and biochemistry have been applied in the pharmaceutical area for development of new targeted drug delivery nanosystems in order to improve its pharmacokinetic profile, raise the effectiveness of treatment; reduce side effects due to the preferential accumulation in prostate cancer cells, causing low concentrations in healthy tissues; and/or increase the drug chemical stability for improving the prostate cancer therapeutic. Thus, in this review, we will discuss the molecular and biochemical basis of prostate cancer as well as the advantages and disadvantages of conventional clinical treatments, different types and basic characteristics of nanosystems; how these systems can be targeted to prostate cancer, show successful patent examples of prostate cancer targeted nanosystems and present perspectives for the next 10-20 years in this area.

Targeted delivery of silibinin via magnetic niosomal nanoparticles: potential application in treatment of colon cancer cells

“…These findings are consistent with earlier research, which indicated that the internalization and subsequent intracellular release of the anticancer drug from NPs is responsible for the cytotoxic effect of NPs ( Zaki, 2014 ). It is proposed that this formulation (niosome and magnetic niosome) can increase the drug bioavailability which can induce cancer cell apoptosis by causing DNA damage or the oxidation of proteins, lipids, and enzymes, resulting in cell death and also helping to destroy and inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory complex ( Rodrigues Pereira da Silva et al, 2016 ; Van Houten et al, 2016 ; Juan et al, 2021 ). El-Far and co. argued that the cytotoxicity percentage by IC50 value between paclitaxel–metal NPs–NIOs and oxaliplatin–metal NPs–NIOs at the same concentrations did not differ significantly (pH 0.5).…”