Rickettsial Disease in the Peruvian Amazon Basin

Kocher, Claudine; Morrison, Amy C.; Leguía, Mariana; Loyola, Steev; Oré, Roger M. Castillo; Gálvez, Hugo; Astete, Helvio; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Ampuero, Julia S.; Bausch, Daniel G.; Halsey, Eric S.; Céspedes, Manuel; Zevallos, Karine; Jiang, Ju; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004843

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Similares estudios en la región confirman la participación rickettsial en la etiología del SFAI (20) . La especie Rickettsia asembonensis ha sido previamente encontrada en Sudamérica, infectando ectoparásitos (21)(22)(23) , esta sería la primera vez que es aislada de muestras humanas en el mismo periodo de estudio en el que fueron encontradas habitando en ectoparásitos, pero en regiones no reportadas, lo cual amerita vigilancia epidemiológica efectiva y estudios adicionales para caracterización completa de especies circulantes.…”

Section: Referencias Bibliográficasunclassified

Especies rickettsiales en casos humanos con síndrome febril agudo inespecífico en Perú

Palacios-Salvatierra¹,

Cáceres-Rey²,

Vasquez-Dominguez³

et al. 2018

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Section: Referencias Bibliográficasunclassified

Especies rickettsiales en casos humanos con síndrome febril agudo inespecífico en Perú

Palacios-Salvatierra¹,

Cáceres-Rey²,

Vasquez-Dominguez³

et al. 2018

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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“…4,11,12 Likewise, the presence of antibodies to SFGR has been confirmed in different human populations in Peru [13][14][15][16] and in pets, establishing its endemicity. 17 Several of these studies have shown the presence of rickettsial infections in the region, ranging from ∼1% to more than 40% seroprevalence. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge of rickettsial diseases in the Americas, such as evaluating the role of amplifier hosts and their specific influence in the ecology of Rickettsia species or targeted studies oriented to certain species, such as R. typhi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Rickettsia and Leptospira Infection in Four Ecologically Distinct Regions of Peru

Salmón-Mulanovich

Simons

Flores-Mendoza

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Rickettsia and Leptospira spp. are under-recognized causes of acute febrile disease worldwide. Rickettsia species are often placed into the spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus group rickettsiae (TGR). We explored the antibody prevalence among humans for these two groups of rickettsiae in four regions of Peru (Lima, Cusco, Puerto Maldonado, and Tumbes) and for Leptospira spp. in Puerto Maldonado and Tumbes. We also assessed risk factors for seropositivity and collected serum samples and ectoparasites from peri-domestic animals from households in sites with high human seroprevalence. In total, we tested 2,165 human sera for antibodies (IgG) against SFGR and TGR by ELISA and for antibodies against Leptospira by a microscopic agglutination test. Overall, human antibody prevalence across the four sites was 10.6% for SFGR (ranging from 6.2% to 14.0%, highest in Tumbes) and 3.3% for TGR (ranging from 2.6% to 6.4%, highest in Puerto Maldonado). Factors associated with seroreactivity against SFGR were male gender, older age, contact with backyard birds, and working in agriculture or with livestock. However, exposure to any kind of animal within the household decreased the odds ratio by half. Age was the only variable associated with higher TGR seroprevalence. The prevalence of Leptospira was 11.3% in Puerto Maldonado and 5.8% in Tumbes, with a borderline association with keeping animals in the household. We tested animal sera for Leptospira and conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Rickettsia species among ectoparasites collected from domestic animals in 63 households of seropositive participants and controls. We did not find any association between animal infection and human serostatus.

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“…A similar situation occurs with R. asemboensis. It also has a wide distribution worldwide, having been reported in North America and South America, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe [48], although it is associated with a greater number of ectoparasites, including eas, ticks, and mites of domestic and peridomestic animals (C. canis, C. felis, X. cheopis, Pulex irritans, Amblyomma ovale, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Ornithonysus bacoti) [49][50][51][52][53]. It has also been detected in monkey blood in Malaysia [54] and in dog blood in South Africa [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Rickettsia in fleas from micromammals in Chile

Moreno

Carniglia²,

Schmeisser

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundRickettsial diseases are considered important in public health due to their dispersal capacity determined by the particular characteristics of their reservoirs and / or vectors. Among the latter, fleas play an important role, since the vast majority of species parasitize wild and invasive rodents, so their detection is relevant to be able to monitor potential emerging diseases. The aim of this study was to detect, characterize, and compare Rickettsia spp. from the fleas of micromammals in areas with different human population densities in Chile.MethodsThe presence of Rickettsia spp. was evaluated by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing in 1,315 fleas collected from 1,512 micromammals in 29 locations, with different human population densities in Chile. A generalized linear models (GLM) was used to identify the variables that may explain Rickettsia prevalence in fleas.ResultsDNA of Rickettsia spp. was identified in 13.2% (174 of 1,315) of fleas tested. Fifteen flea species were found to be Rickettsia-positive. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. was higher in winter, semi-arid region and natural areas, and the infections in fleas varied between species of fleas. The prevalence of Rickettsia among flea species ranged from 0%–35.1%. Areas of lower human density have the highest prevalence of Rickettsia. The phylogenetic tree shows two well-differentiated clades. Rickettsia belli is positioned as basal in a clade. Another clade is subdivided into two subclades, and are related to Rickettsia of typhus group.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence and molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp. in 15 species of fleas of micromammals in Chile. In this study, fleas were detected carrying Rickettsia DNA with zoonotic potential, mainly in villages and natural areas of Chile. Considering that there are differences in the prevalence of Rickettsia in fleas associated with different factors, more investigations are needed to further understand the ecology of Rickettsia in fleas and their implications for human health.

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Rickettsial Disease in the Peruvian Amazon Basin

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Especies rickettsiales en casos humanos con síndrome febril agudo inespecífico en Perú

Especies rickettsiales en casos humanos con síndrome febril agudo inespecífico en Perú

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Rickettsia and Leptospira Infection in Four Ecologically Distinct Regions of Peru

Molecular detection of Rickettsia in fleas from micromammals in Chile

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