Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Ressel, Lorenzo; Hetzel, Udo; Ricci, Emanuele

doi:10.1177/0300985816653988

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Age assessment of skin wounds in pigs is often requested in veterinary forensic pathology [ 1 , 2 ]. Wounds in pigs are primarily caused by external trauma, and the age of wounds submitted for forensic investigation ranges from hours and up to several months [ 3 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A porcine model for pathomorphological age assessment of surgically excised skin wounds

2018

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A porcine model of second intention wound healing was established and gross and histological changes needed for accurate assessing the age of wounds were determined. Twenty-five pigs were anesthetized before incision of four wounds on each. The wounds were left to heal from 1 h to 35 days when the pigs were euthanized. In 14 pigs, biopsies were sampled from two wounds between days 2 and 18. By histological evaluation the following characteristics were found useful for determining the age of wounds: neutrophil:macrophage ratio, angiogenesis, hyperplasia of fibroblasts, presence of hemosiderophages and granulation tissue. The latter was present from day 4 (n = 8 wounds, 100%), but by gross evaluation it was not recognized until day 5 (n = 4 wounds, 100%). From day 4 to 10, the thickness of granulation tissue increased by 1.2 ± 2.4 mm/day. The thickness of collagen fibers within granulation tissue increased throughout the study period, and complete epithelization was reached from day 18.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-018-0387-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A porcine model for pathomorphological age assessment of surgically excised skin wounds

2018

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“…Traumatic Proptozis This is the case in which the bulbus oculi is located outside the eyelids and orbita at varying degrees (Figure 3). Its etiology is always traumatic, but the brachycephalic dog breeds are more prone to it (Betbeze, 2015;Gilger et al, 1995;Özba and Kılıç, 2004;Ressel et al, 2016;Şaroğlu, 2013;Wilkie, 2003).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accidents such as trauma affecting the eye tissue, chemical burns, penetration of foreign bodies into different depths of the bulbus oculi may cause severe pain and permanent loss of vision, and thus require emergency intervention through accurate and rapid diagnosis (Adamantos and Garosi, 2011;Aiello, 2016;Belknap, 2015;Betbeze, 2015;Giuliano, 2005;Mandell, 2011;Özba and Kılıç, 2004;Ressel et al, 2016;Sansom and Labruyère, 2012;Tetas et al, 2016). Eye anatomy should be well known in emergency interventions (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main objectives of such interventions are a) prevention of loss of vision, b) prevention of loss of bulbus oculi, c) reduction of pain, d) prevention of long-term complications (Aiello, 2016;Mandell, 2011;Özba and Kılıç, 2004). As there are also head traumas in most of the cases, it may be necessary to start treatment of such lesions before starting eye treatment (Mandell, 2011;Ressel et al, 2016). Clinical examinations start with checking whether there is discharge in the eyes, blepharospasm, Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Cases Requiring Emergency Intervention in Animals

Yavuz

Yener

2020

Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Head injuries and accidents that cause lesions in the eye tissue can cause loss of vision, pain and severe deformities. In the emergency clinic, intervention in eye injury cases requires accurate and rapid diagnosis. The main objectives of such interventions are to prevention of loss of vision, prevention of loss of bulbus oculi, reduction of pain, and prevention of long-term complications. Traumatic proptosis (especially brachicephalic dog breeds), traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage, desematocele, iris prolapse and corneal lacerations are more common in dogs, cats and horses when evaluated according to animal species. General condition and regional deformity in clinical examination and loss of vision in systematic eye examination are evaluated. Complications should be prevented by medical intervention or surgery immediately after diagnosis. In conclusion, it is extremely important to prevent the permanent sequelae of the eye in the emergency clinic through a correct diagnosis without delay.

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“…The assessment of the age of bruises inflicted on livestock is an important component of veterinary forensic pathology investigations. 1,2 Porcine bruises are predominantly inflicted within a timeframe of approximately 8 h prior to slaughter. 1 During this period, pigs are handled by several people during transport from the farm to the slaughterhouse.…”

Section: Manuscript a C mentioning

confidence: 99%

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

Barington

Skovgaard

Henriksen

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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The assessment of the age of bruises inflicted on livestock is an important component of veterinary forensic pathology investigations. However, the sampling site within a bruise, the anatomical location and the mass and speed of the object inflicting the blunt trauma might influence the intensity of the inflammatory reaction. In the present study, the variation of the inflammatory reaction within and along experimental porcine bruises was evaluated in order to determine the optimal sampling site. Moreover, we evaluated if a combination of histological characteristics and gene expression signatures was able to differentiate bruises according to anatomical location, age of bruises and the speed and mass of the object used to cause the impact. Twelve experimental slaughter pigs were anesthetized, and on each animal four blunt traumas were inflicted on the back using either a plastic tube or an iron bar, respectively. The pigs were euthanized at 2, 5 or 8 h after infliction. Following gross examination, skin and underlying muscle tissue were sampled from the center and both ends of bruises and evaluated histologically. Subcutaneous fat tissue from the center of the bruises was sampled for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate mRNA expression of 13 selected genes. Uninjured tissue was sampled from the right thigh of all pigs and served as control tissue. The amount of tissue damage and the intensity of the inflammatory reaction in bruises depended on the sampling site within and along a bruise, the anatomical location and the age of the bruise. The optimal site for sampling, i.e. the most pronounced inflammatory reaction, was at the center of the bruises where the plastic tube or iron bar first struck the skin. Moreover, bruises inflicted in areas with a thin layer of subcutaneous fat tissue showed more damage and inflammation in the underlying muscle tissue compared to bruises inflicted in areas with a thicker layer of subcutaneous fat tissue. In addition, hemorrhage in the muscle tissue was more likely present when bruises were inflicted with an iron bar compared to a plastic tube. Combining histology and mRNA expression of the 13 genes showed that the age of bruises could be determined with a precision of ±2.04 h. Moreover, the age of bruises could be determined with a precision of ±1.84 h based solely on mRNA expression of a selection of four genes.

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Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology

Cited by 47 publications

References 59 publications

A porcine model for pathomorphological age assessment of surgically excised skin wounds

A porcine model for pathomorphological age assessment of surgically excised skin wounds

Eye Cases Requiring Emergency Intervention in Animals

The intensity of the inflammatory response in experimental porcine bruises depends on time, anatomical location and sampling site

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