Sporadic colorectal cancer: microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy

Drewes, Julia L.; Housseau, Franck; Sears, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.189

Cited by 103 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In each of these cancers, the oral and/or the gut microbiota have been postulated to contribute to cancer pathogenesis. The detailed mechanisms underlying microbe-host interactions in carcinogenesis, usually derived from in vivo murine models, are beyond the scope of this review but have been discussed elsewhere (2, 3, 12). Instead, we will focus on summarizing the available human epidemiological data and discuss the next potential steps in translational research to understand the interaction between the microbiota and cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Chen

Domingue

Sears

2017

Seminars in Immunology

143

111

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The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi residing predominantly in epidermal and mucosal habitats across the body, such as skin, oral cavity, lung, intestine and vagina. These symbiotic communities in health, or dysbiotic communities in disease, display tremendous interaction with the local environment and systemic responses, playing a critical role in the host’s nutrition, immunity, metabolism and diseases including cancers. While the profiling of normal microbiota in healthy populations is useful and necessary, more recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with disease, particularly cancers. In this paper, we review current evidence on the role of the human microbiota in four cancer types (colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer) proposed as affected by both the oral and gut microbiota, and provide a perspective on current gaps in the knowledge of the microbiota and cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Chen

Domingue

Sears

2017

Seminars in Immunology

143

111

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“…Experimental data show how potential colorectal cancer (CRC) driver bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), Fusobacterium nucleatum, colibactin-producing Escherichia coli (CPEC) and Porphyromonas, damage mucosal barrier functions by degrading mucins, damaging intercellular junctions and cellular DNA. Direct bacterial actions and immunological responses may induce dysplasia and carcinogenesis [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial biofilm formation inside colonic crypts may accelerate colorectal carcinogenesis

Raskov

Kragh²,

Bjarnsholt³

et al. 2018

Clinical & Translational Med

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Background Research in the field of relation between microbes and colorectal carcinogenesis has gained increasing interest in past years. Recently, link between microbial biofilm and carcinogenesis in colon was demonstrated by several authors indicating that biofilm not only is a key player in carcinogenesis, but also may contribute to the understanding of side-specific colon cancer—right sided colon cancer versus left sided. In this article, we briefly highlight the major findings of the research of biofilm and carcinogenesis and demonstrate our findings of colonic cancer tissue and colonic polyp examined for biofilm. Case presentation Colonic cancer tissue from a patient with a right-sided colon cancer, and an adenoma tubular polyp were examined for biofilm formation by flourescens in situ hybridization. In cancer tissue we found biofilm formation on the surface epithelium but surprisingly also deep into the crypts. No biofilms were found in tubular polyp tissue. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first-time biofilm formation deep into colonic crypts are demonstrated in a patient with right-sided colon cancer. This may indicate that bacterial biofilm may have a key role in carcinogenesis.

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“…It has recently emerged that factors beyond tumor genomics influence cancer development and therapeutic responses (4–7), including host factors such as the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiome (8–10). A number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome may influence anti-tumor immune responses via innate and adaptive immunity (11, 12), and that therapeutic responses may be improved via its modulation (13, 14), however this has not been extensively studied in cancer patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients

Gopalakrishnan¹,

Spencer²,

Nezi³

et al. 2018

Science

3,382

3,135

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Preclinical mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, this has not been well-characterized in human cancer patients. Here we examined the oral and gut microbiome of melanoma patients undergoing anti–programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) immunotherapy (n = 112). Significant differences were observed in the diversity and composition of the patient gut microbiome of responders versus nonresponders. Analysis of patient fecal microbiome samples (n = 43, 30 responders, 13 nonresponders) showed significantly higher alpha diversity (P < 0.01) and relative abundance of bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae family (P < 0.01) in responding patients. Metagenomic studies revealed functional differences in gut bacteria in responders, including enrichment of anabolic pathways. Immune profiling suggested enhanced systemic and antitumor immunity in responding patients with a favorable gut microbiome as well as in germ-free mice receiving fecal transplants from responding patients. Together, these data have important implications for the treatment of melanoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Sporadic colorectal cancer: microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy

Cited by 103 publications

References 66 publications

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality

Bacterial biofilm formation inside colonic crypts may accelerate colorectal carcinogenesis

Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients

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