Review of Avian Influenza Outbreaks in South Korea from 1996 to 2014

Mo, In-Pil; Bae, Yeonji; Lee, Seung Baek; Mo, Jong-Suk; Oh, Kwang-Hyun; Shin, Jeong-Hwa; Kang, Hyun-Mi; Lee, Youn‐Jeong

doi:10.1637/11095-041715-review

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…H9N2 LPAI viruses have become endemic [ 7 22 24 25 ], with the 01310 strain successfully used for inactivated-vaccine production in Korea [ 6 ]. Recent pairwise comparison with the internal genes of strains 01310 and 0028 revealed that recombinant PR8 viruses possessing the 01310 and 0028 PB2 genes exhibited decreased viral pathogenicity in mice and increased replication efficiency in ECEs [ 13 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 recombinant-vaccine strains against highly pathogenic avian influenza

et al. 2017

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A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-derived recombinant viruses have been used for seasonal flu vaccines; however, they are insufficient for vaccines against some human-fatal H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIV) due to low productivity. Additionally, the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) protein, an important mammalian-pathogenicity determinant, of PR8 possesses several mammalian-pathogenic mutations. We previously reported two avian PB2 genes (01310 and 0028) related to efficient replication in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and nonpathogenicity in BALB/c mice. In this study, we generated PR8-derived H5N1 recombinant viruses harboring hemagglutinin (attenuated) and neuraminidase genes of a clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 HPAIV (K10-483), as well as the 01310 or 0028 PB2 genes, and investigated their replication and immunogenicity. Compared with a control virus harboring six internal PR8 genes (rK10-483), the recombinant viruses possessing the 01310 and 0028 PB2 genes showed significantly higher replication efficiency in ECEs and higher antibody titers in chickens. In contrast to rK10-483, none of the viruses replicated in BALB/c mice, and all showed low titers in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Additionally, the recombinant viruses did not induce a neutralization antibody but elicited decreased protective immune responses against K10-483 in mice. Thus, the highly replicative and mammalian nonpathogenic recombinant H5N1 strains might be promising vaccine candidates against HPAI in poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 recombinant-vaccine strains against highly pathogenic avian influenza

et al. 2017

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“…Since 2003, seven HPAI outbreaks involving different clades of the H5 HPAI virus have occurred in South Korea; these outbreaks have been controlled by enhanced biosecurity measures and stamping-out policies ( 3 , 4 ). For better implementation of preemptive measures, early disease detection and the subsequent reporting system should precede the virus spread ( 5 ). To date, the diagnosis of HPAI infection has mostly relied on passive surveillance upon suspicion and reporting by farmers or veterinarians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Image Scanning for the Early Detection of Fever Induced by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Chickens and Ducks and Its Application in Farms

Noh¹,

Kim²,

Lee

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is considered as one of the most devastating poultry diseases. It is imperative to immediately report any known outbreaks to the World Organization for Animal Health. Early detection of infected birds is of paramount importance to control virus spread, thus minimizing the associated economic loss. In this study, thermal imaging camera devices were used to detect change in the maximum surface temperature (MST) of chickens (n = 5) and ducks (n = 2) as an early indicator of experimental HPAI infection. The MST of both chickens and ducks increased at least 24 h before the manifestation of clinical signs of HPAI infection, depending on the severity of the infection. The basal MST was recorded for broiler chickens housed under small pen and normal farm conditions without intentional infection. A threshold cutoff of MST was established based on the circadian rhythm of normal MST. This study suggests that thermal imaging of chickens and ducks is a promising tool to screen any potential HPAI-infected flock in order to expedite HPAI diagnosis.

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“…Ever since the low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus was first reported in Korea in 1996, isolation of several subtypes of LPAI viruses originating from live-bird markets and backyard bird stalls has been reported [1]. The isolation of LPAI virus from migratory wild birds is also consistently reported [123]. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was first reported in 2003 at a layer farm in Korea [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was first reported in 2003 at a layer farm in Korea [4]. Before 2018, HPAI outbreaks have occurred seven times, causing great economic losses in the poultry industry [156]. In 2006, HPAI virus was first detected in the feces of wild birds, and many studies were subsequently conducted to reveal the nature of the correlation between wild birds and HPAI virus outbreaks [567].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to the economic damage inflicted by the HPAI virus, the Korean government implemented an annual nationwide surveillance program to monitor AI virus entering the country from early September to late February each year [13]. Accurate and early detection of the AI virus is critical for the implementation of rapid biosecurity and control measures in the event of an AI virus outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The difference of detection rate of avian influenza virus in the wild bird surveillance using various methods

Kim

Son

et al. 2019

J Vet Sci

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Korea is located within the East Asian-Australian flyway of wild migratory birds during the fall and winter seasons. Consequently, the likelihood of introduction of numerous subtypes and pathotypes of the Avian influenza (AI) virus to Korea has been thought to be very high. In the current study, we surveyed wild bird feces for the presence of AI virus that had been introduced to Korea between September 2017 and February 2018. To identify and characterize the AI virus, we employed commonly used methods, namely, virus isolation (VI) via egg inoculation, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), conventional RT-PCR (cRT-PCR) and a newly developed next generation sequencing (NGS) approach. In this study, 124 out of 11,145 fresh samples of wild migratory birds tested were rRT-PCR positive; only 52.0% of VI positive samples were determined as positive by rRT-PCR from fecal supernatant. Fifty AI virus specimens were isolated from fresh fecal samples and typed. The cRT-PCR subtyping results mostly coincided with the NGS results, although NGS detected the presence of 11 HA genes and four NA genes that were not detected by cRT-PCR. NGS analysis confirmed that 12% of the identified viruses were mixed-subtypes which were not detected by cRT-PCR. Prevention of the occurrence of AI virus requires a workflow for rapid and accurate virus detection and verification. However, conventional methods of detection have some limitations. Therefore, different methods should be combined for optimal surveillance, and further studies are needed in aspect of the introduction and application of new methods such as NGS.

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Review of Avian Influenza Outbreaks in South Korea from 1996 to 2014

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Optimized clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 recombinant-vaccine strains against highly pathogenic avian influenza

Optimized clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 recombinant-vaccine strains against highly pathogenic avian influenza

Thermal Image Scanning for the Early Detection of Fever Induced by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Chickens and Ducks and Its Application in Farms

The difference of detection rate of avian influenza virus in the wild bird surveillance using various methods

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