A new genotyping scheme based on MLVA for inter-laboratory surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes

Imperi, Monica; Pittiglio, Valentina; D’Avenio, Giuseppe; Gherardi, Giovanni; Ciammaruconi, Andrea; Lista, Florigio; Pourcel, Christine; Baldassarri, Lucilla; Creti, Roberta

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2016.06.010

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These methodologies have proved to be of particular importance to define the clonal structure of particular GAS populations ( 11 ). Recently, emm -cluster typing system, which groups most emm types into 48 different functional emm clusters on the basis of their structural properties, and multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis have been proposed as promising additional GAS typing tools ( 12 , 13 ). The recent advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies with reduced costs and turnaround times, along with the development of bioinformatics’ tools able to manage the large amount of generated data, made this technology accessible to reference microbiology ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalent emm Types among Invasive GAS in Europe and North America since Year 2000

Gherardi

Vitali

Creti

2018

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundStreptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections, from uncomplicated to more severe and invasive diseases with high mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variation of the disease pattern; for this purpose the M protein gene (emm) gene typing is the most widely used genotyping method, with more than 200 emm types recognized. Molecular epidemiological data have been also used for the development of GAS M protein-based vaccines.MethodsThe aim of this paper was to provide an updated scenario of the most prevalent GAS emm types responsible for invasive infections in developed countries as Europe and North America (US and Canada), from 1st January 2000 to 31st May 2017. The search, performed in PubMed by the combined use of the terms (“emm”) and (“invasive”) retrieved 264 articles, of which 38 articles (31 from Europe and 7 from North America) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this study. Additional five papers cited in the European articles but not retrieved by the search were included.Resultsemm1 represented the dominant type in both Europe and North America, replaced by other emm types in only few occasions. The seven major emm types identified (emm1, emm28, emm89, emm3, emm12, emm4, and emm6) accounted for approximately 50–70% of the total isolates; less common emm types accounted for the remaining 30–50% of the cases. Most of the common emm types are included in either one or both the 26-valent and 30-valent vaccines, though some well-represented emm types found in Europe are not.ConclusionThis study provided a picture of the prevalent emm types among invasive GAS (iGAS) in Europe and North America since the year 2000 onward. Continuous surveillance on the emm-type distribution among iGAS infections is strongly encouraged also to determine the potential coverage of the developing multivalent vaccines.

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