Apoptosis induced by a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet in rat livers

Monteiro, Maria Emília Lopes; Xavier, Analúcia Rampazzo; Oliveira, Felipe Leite de; Filho, Porphirio Js; Azeredo, Vilma Blondet de

doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5165

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…were elevated. The elevation of these markers indicates severe liver damage (Monteiro et al, 2016). ALT and AST were elevated more than two-fold in the KD group and more than one-fold in the EODKD group (being higher in the KD group by 32% and 36%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The outcome of ketogenic diets on the liver and the protecting role of atorvastatin: A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

ZakI¹,

Fattah²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

EJA

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The current study investigated structural and functional modifications of the liver following long-term ketogenic diet (KD) and every-otherday ketogenic diet (EODKD) usage. The probable role of atorvastatin (ATO) in the adjustment process was also investigated. It was carried out on 24 Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into four groups: control, KD, EODKD, and ATO. Various biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on the liver. The blood was tested for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, inflammatory markers, Bax, BCL2, NLRP3 inflammasome, and oxidative stress markers. KDs induced damages to the liver mainly due to oxidative stress (increase TBARS, MDA/decrease SOD/GSH) and inflammation. In addition, the hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels are decreased. The KD group was worse off than the EODKD group. ATO administered concurrently with KD preserved liver architecture, reduced oxidative stress, normalized NLRP3, and further reduced intrahepatic triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Both KD and EODKD cause structural liver damage that is accompanied by an elevation of hepatic markers (AST and ALT) and a decrease in hepatic triglycerides, hepatic cholesterol, and serum cholesterol. KD has a more destructive effect. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and high fat concentrations are contributing factors to hepatic injury in these diets. ATO with KD is beneficial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The outcome of ketogenic diets on the liver and the protecting role of atorvastatin: A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

ZakI¹,

Fattah²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

EJA

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“… Biochemical analysis:  Liver function parameters: (AST) and (ALT) were tested (10) . The alkaline medium's sodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used as a substrate to quantify ALP activity.…”

Section: Sample Blood and Tissue Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N- Acetyl Cysteine Versus Hesperidin as a Prophylactic Agent for Lambda - Cyhalothrin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Shaheen

Ibrahim

2023

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Introduction: Lambda Cyhalothrin (LCT) is greatly used to manage a wide variety of pests present in farming and in home procedures. Aim: The current work was intended to demonstrate structural and functional alterations within the liver subsequent to long-standing exposure to LCT. Protective effect of Hesperidin and N-acetylcysteine was also investigated. Material and methods: 40 adult male albino rats were used in this experiment, and they were split into four equal groups: control, LCT group, rats were received LCT at a dose 61.2mg/kg b. wt. per day by oral gavage for 28 days. LCT + Hesperidin group, rats were given the same dose of LCT with simultaneous oral dosage of HSP at a dose of 100mg/kg b. wt., LCT + N-Acetyl cysteine group at which rats were received the same dose of LCT as the previous 2 groups with simultaneous oral administration of N-acetyl cysteine 150 mg/kg b. wt. The liver underwent a number of biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: LCT induced oxidative stress which leads to liver damage (increases MDA / decreases GSH). LCT caused degeneration of hepatocytes and increases inflammatory cells, this is followed by rise in liver markers (AST and ALT). While concurrent administration of Hesperidin and N-Acetyl cysteine during LCT exposure period preserved the architecture of the liver, prevents its damage, reduced oxidative stress and normalized liver function tests. Conclusion: Administration of N -Acetyl cysteine during exposure to the insecticide LCT has a protective effect on the liver more than Hesperidin.

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“…[ 9 ] In normal rats, HPD consumption increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and caused liver damage. [ 10 ] Long‐term HPD also perturbs nutrient metabolism. In BTBR ob/ob mice, HPDs elevated serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and ALT activity and exacerbated insulin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐Theanine Mitigates the Harmful Effects of Excess High‐Protein Diet in Rats by Regulating Protein Metabolism

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope l‐Theanine (LTA) is a non‐protein amino acid that contributes to the flavor of tea and can regulate protein metabolism of healthy organisms. However, it is unknown whether it regulates protein metabolism in individuals on high‐protein diets (HPDs). Methods and results Here, Sprague–Dawley rats are fed HPDs with different protein supply ratios and administered a diverse dose of LTA for 40 days. Results show that HPDs with an energy supply ratio from protein >40% impair the liver and kidneys, elevate serum ammonia and urea nitrogen, induce amino acid (AA) catabolism, and promote fatty acid (FA) synthesis via FA‐binding protein 5 (Fabp5) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). LTA intervention alleviates HPD‐induced hepatic and renal injury and improves serum biochemical indices. It increases hepatic free AA content and inhibits FA synthesis by downregulating Fabp5 and ACC1. It promotes protein synthesis by acting on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby alleviating HPD‐induced metabolic disorders. Conclusions This study demonstrates that LTA mitigates kidney and liver damage induced by long‐term excess HPDs by regulating protein metabolism.

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Apoptosis induced by a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet in rat livers

Abstract: Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

The outcome of ketogenic diets on the liver and the protecting role of atorvastatin: A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

The outcome of ketogenic diets on the liver and the protecting role of atorvastatin: A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

N- Acetyl Cysteine Versus Hesperidin as a Prophylactic Agent for Lambda - Cyhalothrin Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

L‐Theanine Mitigates the Harmful Effects of Excess High‐Protein Diet in Rats by Regulating Protein Metabolism

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