Cognitive profiles of schizotypal dimensions in a community cohort: Common properties of differential manifestations

Karagiannopoulou, Leda; Karamaouna, Penny; Zouraraki, Chrysoula; Roussos, Panos; Bitsios, Panos; Giakoumaki, Stella G.

doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1188890

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 102 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This could also imply that there are differential effects of trauma types on neurocognition, which could not be explored in this study. Nevertheless, processing speed has been proposed as a core cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia and high schizotypy , so perhaps it is not surprising that the deficits are evident across the SPD population and could not be explained by childhood traumatic experiences alone. On the other hand, it is possible that group differences between high and low/no trauma reporters were not observed due to a floor effect in TMT‐A scoring (time to complete the task).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Velikonja

Velthorst

McClure

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Literature suggests that childhood trauma increases vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Yet, it remains unexplored whether childhood trauma predicts symptom load and the level of neurocognitive functioning in SPD. Method: We included 225 individuals with SPD and 127 healthy controls. Childhood trauma was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and schizotypal traits were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Standard neurocognitive assessments covered six cognitive domains. Results: All types of reported childhood trauma were significantly associated with SPD, in a linear fashion. Severe sexual abuse showed the greatest magnitude of association with higher cognitive-perceptual load (e.g., ideas of reference, odd belief or magical thinking); severe emotional neglect was associated with interpersonal scores (e.g., excessive social anxiety, constricted affect) within the SPD group. SPD individuals who reported severe trauma showed worse cognitive functioning (i.e., working memory, verbal/visual learning and memory, as well as verbal fluency). Conclusions: Particular severe childhood trauma types were associated with higher cognitive-perceptual and interpersonal symptoms in SPD, along with worse cognitive functioning. These findings highlight the need for clinicians to enquire about childhood trauma in SPD patients, since unaddressed early adverse experiences may carry long-term negative consequences. Significant outcomes• Sexual abuse and emotional abuse were the types of childhood trauma most strongly associated with a SPD diagnosis, especially in severe forms.• Severe forms of sexual abuse showed the strongest magnitude of association with cognitiveperceptual traits, while severe emotional neglect showed the strongest magnitude of association with interpersonal symptoms (e.g., excessive social anxiety, constricted affect) among SPD.• Severe childhood trauma was associated with worse overall cognitive functioning among SPD. Limitations• The evaluation of childhood trauma was based on self-report measures.• A cross-sectional study design does not allow any conclusions about directionality of the associations between childhood trauma types and increased schizotypal personality disorder traits. Causality is compromised by the assumption that childhood trauma preceded the development of SPD.• The neurocognitive assessments were only completed for a subset of our sample, precluding more detailed analysis (e.g., exploring the associations between cognition and different trauma types, sex differences).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Velikonja

Velthorst

McClure

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Working memory deficits are less consistently reported in those in the at‐risk mental state (Bang et al, ; Carrion et al, ). Associations have also been explored with the phenotypic related trait of schizotypy: Results are inconsistent with some studies reporting reduced working memory performance (Lui et al, ; Matheson & Langdon, ) whereas others do not (Karagiannopoulou et al, ; Noguchi, Hori, & Kunugi, ). One study suggested stress levels might account for the reduced working memory performance in patients with schizophrenia when compared to relatives and healthy individuals (Krkovic, Moritz, & Lincoln, ).…”

Section: Psychotic Disorders and Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

Barkus

2020

PsyCh Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Working memory training is widely used transdiagnostically to improve cognition. However, more recently, studies using working memory training packages have targeted emotion-regulation outcomes to determine whether far transfer effects can be achieved.A narrative review is conducted of studies that have used standardized computerized working memory training packages across healthy volunteers, affect, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disordered populations with emotion-regulation outcomes.Working memory training has been used in children, adolescents, and adults to improve emotion regulation. Many studies have reported gains in mood as well as emotion-regulation strategies following working memory training, regardless of clinical indication and whether near transfer gains were achieved in cognitive domains. Significant emotion-regulation outcomes include: state and trait anxiety, rumination, brooding, positive appraisal, decreasing maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies, and decreasing intrusive thoughts. It is speculated that these far transfer outcomes from working memory training are possible due to the cognitive and neural overlap between cognitive and affective working memory, and emotion regulation. Working memory training could improve cognitive efficiency, which, in turn, increases the availability of cognitive resources during times when emotion regulation is taxed. Future studies need to consider the role of participant expectancy in predicting outcome measure performance, and including subjective and objective outcomes is paramount to study design. Furthermore, sample sizes require additional attention, given that the current review highlights that individual differences in non-clinical and clinical populations influence the outcomes from working memory training. Working memory training offers a possibility for improving emotion regulation transdiagnostically.

show abstract

“…3,[12][13][14][15] Evidence from both correlational (making full use of variance in schizotypy scores) and categorical (allocating individuals to discrete groups on the basis of schizotypy scores) studies suggests subtle yet fairly widespread cognitive alterations in high schizotypy, 6 including poorer performance in tasks measuring cognitive control. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Cognitive control, or executive function, involves the domain-independent representation and maintenance of task goals, thereby supporting the flexible adaptation of information processing and behavior in a changing environment. Importantly, cognitive control refers to a heterogeneous set of functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

Steffens

Meyhöfer

Faßbender

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizotypy is defined as a time-stable multidimensional personality trait consisting of positive, negative, and disorganized facets. Schizotypy is considered as a model system of psychosis, as there is considerable overlap between the 2 constructs. High schizotypy is associated with subtle but fairly widespread cognitive alterations, which include poorer performance in tasks measuring cognitive control. Similar but more pronounced impairments in cognitive control have been described extensively in psychosis. We here sought to provide a quantitative estimation of the effect size of impairments in schizotypy in the updating, shifting, and inhibition dimensions of cognitive control. We included studies of healthy adults from both general population and college samples, which used either categorical or correlative designs. Negative schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.32) and updating (g = 0.11). Positive schizotypy was associated with significantly poorer performance on shifting (g = 0.18). There were no significant associations between schizotypy and inhibition. The divergence in results for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy emphasizes the importance of examining relationships between cognition and the facets of schizotypy rather than using the overall score. Our findings also underline the importance of more detailed research to further understand and define this complex personality construct, which will also be of importance when applying schizotypy as a model system for psychosis.

show abstract

Cognitive profiles of schizotypal dimensions in a community cohort: Common properties of differential manifestations

Cited by 18 publications

References 102 publications

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

Association of Schizotypy With Dimensions of Cognitive Control: A Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About