A 63-Year-Old Man With Rapidly Progressive Dementia

Hale, Andrew J.; Geerling, Joel; Schmolze, Daniel; Pfannl, Rolf; Karchmer, Adolf W.

doi:10.1093/cid/ciw266

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Many of these infectious organisms cause an RPD that is reversible if treated early enough, but left untreated can also be fatal. 19,24,26 Some infectious organisms such as herpes simplex virus and Tropheryma whipplei cause neurological syndromes (limbic encephalitis and oculomasticatory myorhythmia, respectively) that are well characterized; however, classical presentations are not always the rule. 14,26 Viral infections normally associated with an acute encephalitis may also present in a more insidious manner as an RPD in immunocompromised or immunocompetent hosts.…”

Section: Infectious Etiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,24,26 Some infectious organisms such as herpes simplex virus and Tropheryma whipplei cause neurological syndromes (limbic encephalitis and oculomasticatory myorhythmia, respectively) that are well characterized; however, classical presentations are not always the rule. 14,26 Viral infections normally associated with an acute encephalitis may also present in a more insidious manner as an RPD in immunocompromised or immunocompetent hosts. 15,20 A thorough history and physical assessment of the RPD patient can reveal systemic symptoms as well as noncognitive neurological signs.…”

Section: Infectious Etiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Encephalitides and Rapidly Progressive Dementias

Wesley

Ferguson

2019

Semin Neurol

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Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) or cognitive decline is a common presenting complaint in neurology. While primary dementia is often a concern, other forms of reversible dementia must be thoroughly considered. This article focuses on the growing field of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as it pertains to the differential diagnostic considerations in a work-up for RPD. Understanding clues in the history and examination is the first step in identifying patients with a potential autoimmune cause for RPD. While testing for infectious and toxic-metabolic etiologies is commonly preformed, it is necessary to consider early ancillary testing for AE in appropriate cases of RPD. Autoantibody testing in the spinal fluid and serum, brain imaging, and electroencephalography all form the first line of investigations for AE. Treatment options and strategies depend on the AE subtype and a number of individual patient considerations.

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