Experimental warming decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in prairie plants along a Mediterranean climate gradient

Wilson, Hannah; Johnson, Bart R.; Bohannan, Brendan J. M.; Pfeifer‐Meister, Laurel; Mueller, Rebecca C.; Bridgham, Scott D.

doi:10.7717/peerj.2083

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Site, treated as a random effect, was not significant in any model that took into account the differential N:P and soil moisture between sites, so it was excluded from analyses in favor of these variables. More extensive site characterization supports this approach to analysis ( Wilson, 2012 ; Pfeifer-Meister et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The herbaceous landlord: integrating the effects of symbiont consortia within a single host

Vandegrift

Roy

Pfeifer‐Meister

et al. 2015

PeerJ

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Plants are typically infected by a consortium of internal fungal associates, including endophytes in their leaves, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in their roots. It is logical that these organisms will interact with each other and the abiotic environment in addition to their host, but there has been little work to date examining the interactions of multiple symbionts within single plant hosts, or how the relationships among symbionts and their host change across environmental conditions. We examined the grass Agrostis capillaris in the context of a climate manipulation experiment in prairies in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Each plant was tested for presence of foliar endophytes in the genus Epichloë, and we measured percent root length colonized (PRLC) by AMF and DSE. We hypothesized that the symbionts in our system would be in competition for host resources, that the outcome of that competition could be driven by the benefit to the host, and that the host plants would be able to allocate carbon to the symbionts in such a way as to maximize fitness benefit within a particular environmental context. We found a correlation between DSE and AMF PRLC across climatic conditions; we also found a fitness cost to increasing DSE colonization, which was negated by presence of Epichloë endophytes. These results suggest that selective pressure on the host is likely to favor host/symbiont relationships that structure the community of symbionts in the most beneficial way possible for the host, not necessarily favoring the individual symbiont that is most beneficial to the host in isolation. These results highlight the need for a more integrative, systems approach to the study of host/symbiont consortia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The herbaceous landlord: integrating the effects of symbiont consortia within a single host

Vandegrift

Roy

Pfeifer‐Meister

et al. 2015

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…As shown by Augé et al (2015) mycorrhiza promotes an increase of about 10% when air temperature is less than 27 °C but negative increases at higher temperatures. In another study, it is reported that an increase in air temperatures of 3 °C reduces colonization by mycorrhiza (Wilson et al 2016). The decline in the activity of mycorrhiza at high temperatures is also reported by Mohan et al (2014).…”

Section: Numbers Of Leavesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Study of the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on physiological traits and leaf yield of tobacco (Burley 21)

Moradi

Pasari

Talebi

2019

European Journal of Environmental Sciences

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To study the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on the physiological traits and leaf yield of tobacco, an experiment was carried out in split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Marivan during 2015. In this study, the main factor was two levels of inoculation with mycorrhiza including: control: no inoculation and inoculation with mycorrhiza (Glomus interaradices) and subplots treated with growth stimulants at 5 kinds: control-distilled water, fulvic acid, seaweed extract, urea, fulvic acid + seaweed extract + urea. The results indicate that the number of leaves and dry weight of the middle leaves of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza were increased significantly. In addition, the foliar application of growth stimulants significantly affected the relative water content, fresh and dry weight of the lower and middle leaves and also the greenness and fresh weight of the upper leaves of tobacco.

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“…For example, climate change is likely to impact the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi, key symbionts of trees, which may in turn limit tree migration and colonisation of novel habitats (Pickles et al 2015). Warming may induce a decrease in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation, as has been demonstrated in a manipulated Mediterranean climate, with a likelihood of significant impacts on plant communities and ecosystem function (Wilson et al 2016).…”

Section: Challenges In Biocontrol Of Tree Pathogens and Pests With Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes vs tree pathogens and pests: can they be used as biological control agents to improve tree health?

et al. 2019

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Like all other plants, trees are vulnerable to attack by a multitude of pests and pathogens. Current control measures for many of these diseases are limited and relatively ineffective. Several methods, including the use of conventional synthetic agro-chemicals, are employed to reduce the impact of pests and diseases. However, because of mounting concerns about adverse effects on the environment and a variety of economic reasons, this limited management of tree diseases by chemical methods is losing ground. The use of biological control, as a more environmentally friendly alternative, is becoming increasingly popular in plant protection. This can include the deployment of soil inoculants and foliar sprays, but the increased knowledge of microbial ecology in the phytosphere, in particular phylloplane microbes and endophytes, has stimulated new thinking for biocontrol approaches. Endophytes are microbes that live within plant tissues. As such, they hold potential as biocontrol agents against plant diseases because they are able to colonize the same ecological niche favoured by many invading pathogens. However, the development and exploitation of endophytes as biocontrol agents will have to overcome numerous challenges. The optimization and improvement of strategies employed in endophyte research can contribute towards discovering effective and competent biocontrol agents. The impact of environment and plant genotype on selecting potentially beneficial and exploitable endophytes for biocontrol is poorly understood. How endophytes synergise or antagonise one another is also an important factor. This review focusses on recent research addressing the biocontrol of plant diseases and pests using endophytic fungi and bacteria, alongside the challenges and limitations encountered and how these can be overcome. We frame this review in the context of tree pests and diseases, since trees are arguably the most difficult plant species to study, work on and manage, yet they represent one of the most important organisms on Earth.

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Experimental warming decreases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in prairie plants along a Mediterranean climate gradient

Cited by 48 publications

References 59 publications

The herbaceous landlord: integrating the effects of symbiont consortia within a single host

The herbaceous landlord: integrating the effects of symbiont consortia within a single host

Study of the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on physiological traits and leaf yield of tobacco (Burley 21)

Endophytes vs tree pathogens and pests: can they be used as biological control agents to improve tree health?

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