The effects of CO2 and nutrient fertilisation on the growth and temperature response of the mangrove Avicennia germinans

Reef, Ruth; Slot, Martijn; Motro, Uzi; Motro, Michal; Motro, Yoav; Adame, María Fernanda; García, M.; Aranda, Jorge; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Winter, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s11120-016-0278-2

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Before the cold event, N loading significantly increased seedling height growth of the two mangrove species (figures 4(a), (b)), which supported previous findings that N loading can increase the emergent growth of young mangrove seedlings because N is a principal limiting nutrient to growth for many mangroves (Reef et al 2016, Hayes et al 2017. Surprisingly, the cold event affected the growth responses of mangroves to N loading and resulted in different seedling response patterns of the two mangrove species.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Non-freezing cold event stresses can cause significant damage to mangrove seedlings: assessing the role of warming and nitrogen enrichment in a mesocosm study

Song

Feng²,

Krauss

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Mangroves are expanding poleward along coastlines globally as a response to rising temperatures and reduced incidence of freezing under climate change. Yet, knowledge of mangrove responses to infrequent cold events in the context of climate warming and regional nitrogen (N)-enriched eutrophication is limited. We conducted a mesocosm experiment in which the seedlings of two mangrove species (A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza) were grown either at ambient temperature or under warming with and without nitrogen (N) loading. During a short winter period, an unusually severe cold event occurred with the lowest temperature of 2°C in the experimental region. We took this unique opportunity to assess possible response of these mangrove species to the cold stress under various environmental conditions. The cold event caused various degrees of damage to the seedlings of both mangrove species, with the warming treatment seemingly protecting leaves and branches from the cold damage. However, the warming treatment did not buffer mangroves to mortality from the low temperature stress in either species. The cold event resulted in significant decreases in seedling growth rates and net ecosystem CO 2 uptake in the post-cold period relative to the pre-cold period, although the cold event did not alter the effects of warming treatment on these parameters of both mangrove species. The cold event differentially altered physiological responses of the two species growing under N loading, with the seedlings of A. marina growing in higher N concentrations having a reduced growth response after the cold event, whereas those of B. gymnorrhiza showed no change in post-cold period versus pre-cold period growth. Our results suggest that cold events may play a pivotal role in regulating mangrove survival and growth even under future warming scenarios. Two mangrove species exhibited differential survival and growth responses to the cold event at different N concentrations, which may have implications for how we can restore and conserve mangroves among the world's eutrophied sub-tropical estuaries and with future warming.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Non-freezing cold event stresses can cause significant damage to mangrove seedlings: assessing the role of warming and nitrogen enrichment in a mesocosm study

Song

Feng²,

Krauss

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…However, only a few studies have focused on the response of mangroves to elevated CO 2 concentrations. These studies showed that that the response of mangroves plants is similar to other C3 plants with an increase in photosynthesis and productivity (Farnsworth et al, 1996;Ball et al, 1997;McKee and Rooth, 2008;Luo et al, 2010;Reef et al, 2016;Jacotot et al, 2018), highlighting their valuable role in climate change mitigation. However, the effects of elevated CO 2 concentrations may be strongly dependent of other biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, nutrient availability, or flooding (Alongi, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Increase in Growth and Alteration of C:N Ratios of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa Subject to Elevated CO2 Concentrations and Longer Tidal Flooding Duration

2019

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We investigated the effects of elevated CO 2 concentrations and longer tidal flooding duration on two-year-old Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa seedlings for a full year. The seedlings were grown in greenhouses for ambient CO 2 (400 ppm) and in enclosed CO 2-controlled chambers, which were installed inside the greenhouses for elevated CO 2 (800 ppm). The tidal flooding duration was setup according to the species distribution in the intertidal zone in New Caledonia for the controlled treatment and was increased by 1 h 45 min for the experimental treatment. A total of 400 A. marina and 720 R. stylosa were monitored during this experiment. We measured heights and basal diameters of all seedlings every 90 days, and we determined the above and below ground biomass at the end of the experiment. Our results showed that elevated CO 2 increased the growth rates of both A. marina and R. stylosa, for which the final biomass was, respectively, 46 and 32% higher than in the ambient CO 2 treatment. We suggest that this increase was driven by a stimulation of photosynthesis under elevated CO 2 , as demonstrated in a previous study. Considering the tidal flooding duration treatment, we observed a contrasted effect between the species. Longer tidal flooding increased the growth of A. marina, whereas it reduced the growth of R. stylosa in comparison to the controlled treatment. This result may be related to the specific ecosystem zonation in this semi-arid climate, which limits water inputs into the Avicennia zone that increases the salt concentration in the soil, whereas Rhizophora is regularly submerged by tides due to its lower position in the intertidal zone. As a result, the combination of both treatments had a positive cumulative effect on the growth of A. marina. Although it was not the case for R. stylosa, the negative effect of longer tidal flooding on this species did not suppress the enhancement of growth resulting from elevated CO 2 concentrations. At the end of the experiment, elevated CO 2 increased the C:N ratios of the seedlings, thereby producing a more refractory organic matter, which will potentially result in lower decomposition rates Jacotot et al. Mangrove Growth Under Climate Change and thus may increase carbon accumulation in mangrove soils. These results suggest that future climate changes may enhance the productivity of mangrove seedlings by increasing their growth, which may in turn increase the carbon storage potential of mangroves in their biomass.

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“…For example, an increase in CO 2 will increase mangrove production, with limits set by changes in nutrients and salinity (Reef et al, ). It is possible that mangroves of the genus Avicennia will become dominant in areas where nutrients and salinity levels are high (Reef et al, ).…”

Section: Status and Threats To Wetlands Within The Gbr Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing threats and restoring wetlands within catchments of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Adame

Arthington

Waltham

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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1. The catchments of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia include more than one million ha of wetlands, which help to sustain the health and resilience of the reef.2. This article reviews the status, values, and threats of wetlands in the GBR catchments, as well as the management, protection, and challenges and opportunities for their restoration and rehabilitation.3. At present, wetlands in the GBR catchments have low rates of area loss and are generally well protected; however, they face major management challenges owing to the intensive land use of the catchments, especially for grazing, agriculture, horticulture, and mining. Major threats to these wetlands include water pollution, invasive species, changes in hydrology, and increasing temperature and salinity resulting from climate change.4. In recent years wetlands have been considered primarily for their role in improving water quality to ameliorate contaminated terrestrial run-off to the GBR, with little attention given to their intrinsic value and other ecosystem services. 5. Financial opportunities for wetland restoration in addition to government-funded schemes include water pollution offsets, payment for ecosystem services, and nitrogen markets.6. Wetlands need to be protected, managed, and restored for the ecosystem services that they provide to the GBR, but also for their intrinsic value as significant features of coastal landscapes.

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The effects of CO2 and nutrient fertilisation on the growth and temperature response of the mangrove Avicennia germinans

Cited by 47 publications

References 68 publications

Non-freezing cold event stresses can cause significant damage to mangrove seedlings: assessing the role of warming and nitrogen enrichment in a mesocosm study

Non-freezing cold event stresses can cause significant damage to mangrove seedlings: assessing the role of warming and nitrogen enrichment in a mesocosm study

Increase in Growth and Alteration of C:N Ratios of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa Subject to Elevated CO2 Concentrations and Longer Tidal Flooding Duration

Managing threats and restoring wetlands within catchments of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

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