Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and varicella zoster virus vasculopathy

Bandeira, Francisco; Roizenblatt, Marina; Levi, Guido Carlos; Freitas, Denise de; Belfort, Rubens

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20160038

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Skin lesions in zoster can get into deep dermis so that the scar can last for a long time [6]. There is possibility of absence of cutaneous involvement which is called zoster sine herpete [9].…”

Section: Hzomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corneal complications of HZO are punctate epithelial keratitis, pseudodendrites ulcers, nummular keratitis, endotheliitis, disciform keratitis, epithelial keratopathy, neurotrophic keratitis, and exposure keratitis [9]. The most often corneal complications of HZO are punctate epithelial keratitis and pseudodendrites.…”

Section: Hzomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conjunctiva is also affected by VZV, it can become simple papillary or follicular conjunctivitis and pseudomembrane cicatrizing conjunctivitis [8]. Afterward, it causes symblepharon and hypoesthesia [9].…”

Section: Hzomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Vaccines and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Clinical Manifestation, Treatment, and Prevention

Yuwanda¹

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a reactivation of HZ virus that is latent in ophthalmic division of trigeminal ganglion. Patients over 50 years old, premature infant, pregnancy woman, receiving immunosuppressive agents, and malignancies are at risk of having HZO. Ocular manifestations of HZ are ectropion, entropion, ectopic eyelash, keratitis, conjunctivitis, symblepharon, hypoesthesia, episcleritis, scleritis, scleral atrophy and thinning, uveitis, iris atrophy, posterior synechiae, acute retinal necrosis, progressive outer retinal necrosis, retinal detachment, retina atrophy, optic neuritis, optic atrophy, and strabismus. Polymerase chain reaction, antigen detection, and antibody detection can help to confirm diagnosis. Pharmacology treatments for HZ ophthalmicus are antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antiepileptic drug. Non-pharmacology therapies are scleral contact lens, phototherapeutic keratectomy, photorefractive keratectomy, and penetrating keratoplasty. There are two kinds of vaccination which can be given to patients: Live-attenuated varicella zoster vaccine and recombinant zoster vaccine. It is recommended by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Food and Drugs Administration to use recombinant zoster vaccine by 50 years old.

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Section: Hzomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hzomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Vaccines and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Clinical Manifestation, Treatment, and Prevention

Yuwanda¹

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the only human virus that can replicate in cerebral arteries and produce vasculopathy, mainly in the elderly and immunocompromised patients [ 10 , 11 ]. The virus spreads transaxonally to cerebral arteries from the trigeminal nerve, particularly from the ophthalmic branch of trigeminal afferent fibers and induces further vascular inflammation and thrombosis that can subsequently injure brain cells [ 12 – 14 ]. Previous reports established that VZV vasculopathy potentially results in transient ischemic attacks, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, aneurysms, venous sinus thromboses, and arterial dissection [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of dementia following herpes zoster ophthalmicus

et al. 2017

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This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the relationship between herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and the subsequent risk of dementia using a population-based database. We retrieved the study sample from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. The study group included 846 patients with HZO, and the comparison group included 2538 patients without HZO. Each patient was individually followed for a 5-year period to identify those patients who subsequently received a diagnosis of dementia. We performed a Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia during the follow-up period between patients with HZO and comparison patients. The respective incidence rates of dementia per 1000 person-years were 10.15 (95% CI: 7.22~13.87) and 3.61 (95% CI: 2.61~4.89) for patients with HZO and comparison patients. The Cox proportional analysis showed that the crude HR of dementia during the 5-year follow-up period was 2.83 (95% CI: 1.83–4.37) for patients with HZO than comparison patients. After adjusting for patients’ characteristics and comorbidities, HZO patients were still at a 2.97-fold greater risk than comparison patients for developing dementia. Furthermore, we found that of sampled male patients, the crude HR of dementia for patients with HZO was as high as 3.35 (95% CI = 1.79–6.28) compared to comparison patients. This study demonstrated an association between HZO and dementia. Clinicians must be alert to suspect dementia in patients with cognitive impairment who had prior HZO.

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“…The trigeminal nerve is the third most frequently affected area (13%) after the thoracic and lumbar areas. The first division of the trigeminal nerve is 20 times more commonly involved, thus affecting the ocular/periocular area ( Bandeira et al, 2016 ; Ganesan et al, 2016 ); although rare, it may present severe complications such as blindness, nerve palsies, or intraocular involvement such as retinitis. The herpes simplex virus also can affect the periocular area.…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%