Association of early protein intake and pre-peritoneal fat at five years of age: Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial

Gruszfeld, Dariusz; Weber, Martina; Gradowska, Kinga; Socha, Piotr; Grote, Veit; Xhonneux, Annick; Verduci, Elvira; Riva, Enrica; Closa‐Monasterolo, Ricardo; Escribano, Joaquín; Koletzko, Berthold; Beyer, Jeannette; Fritsch, Michaela; Haile, G.; Handel, Uschi; Hannibal, Iris; Kreichauf, S.; Pawellek, Ingrid; Schiess, S.; Verwied-Jorky, S.; Kries, Rüdiger von; Ferré, Natàlia; Gispert-Llauradó, Mariona; Luque, Verónica; Rubio-Torrents, M.C.; Zaragoza‐Jordana, Marta; Janas, Roman; Wierzbicka, Aldona; Stolarczyk, Anna; Socha, Jerzy; Dain, Elena; Hees, J.N. Van; Hoyos, Joana; Martin, François‐Pierre J.; Poncelet, Pascale; Perrin, Emmanuel; Agostoni, Carlo; Giovannini, Marcello; Dionigi, Alice Re; Scaglioni, Silvia; Vecchi, Francesco C. De; Arriza, C.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.04.005

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In agreement with our results, the authors did not find any significant difference in the fat mass or fat-free mass content at 6 months of age [ 23 ]. However, the authors reported that a higher protein intake in formula-fed infants appears to promote visceral fat mass accumulation at prepubertal age, which is a known risk factor for adverse metabolic and health consequences, whereas the deposition of subcutaneous fat appears not to be affected [ 24 ]. It could be then hypothesized that although no significant difference was detected in the total fat-free mass content between the formula study groups in the present study, the consumption of a low protein intake in this critical time window could contribute to the developmental programming of fat mass distribution in later life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation of two different protein content formulas fed to full-term healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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BackgroundA high early protein intake is associated with rapid postnatal weight gain and altered body composition. We aimed to evaluate the safety of a low-protein formula in healthy full-term infants.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 118 infants were randomized to receive two different protein content formulas (formula A or formula B (protein content: 1.2 vs. 1.7 g/100 mL, respectively)) for the first 4 months of life. Anthropometry and body composition by air displacement plethysmography were assessed at enrolment and at two and 4 months. The reference group comprised 50 healthy, exclusively breastfed, full-term infants.ResultsWeight gain (g/day) throughout the study was similar between the formula groups (32.5 ± 6.1 vs. 32.8 ± 6.8) and in the reference group (30.4 ± 5.4). The formula groups showed similar body composition but a different fat-free mass content from breastfed infants at two and 4 months. However, the formula A group showed a fat-free mass increase more similar to that of the breastfed infants. The occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms or adverse events was similar between the formula groups.ConclusionsFeeding a low-protein content formula appears to be safe and to promote adequate growth, although determination of the long-term effect on body composition requires further study.Trial registrationThe present study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (trial number: NCT03035721 on January 18, 2017).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation of two different protein content formulas fed to full-term healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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“…Formula with reduced protein content prevented excessive early weight gain [99,[111][112][113] and markedly reduced obesity prevalence at early school age [110]. Reducing formula protein also lowered preperitoneal fat content at the age of 5 years, a marker of visceral fat deposition with adverse metabolic consequences [114], and body fat deposition up to early school age [115]. The provision of protein-reduced infant formula in infants of mothers with overweight and obesity, as compared to conventional formula, was reported to provide considerable long-term health and economic benefits [116].…”

Section: Recommendations On Nutrition In Infants and Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations

et al. 2019

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Background: A considerable body of evidence accumulated especially during the last decade, demonstrating that early nutrition and lifestyle have long-term effects on later health and disease (“developmental or metabolic programming”). Methods: Researchers involved in the European Union funded international EarlyNutrition research project consolidated the scientific evidence base and existing recommendations to formulate consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy, during infancy and early childhood that take long-term health impact into account. Systematic reviews were performed on published dietary guidelines, standards and recommendations, with special attention to long-term health consequences. In addition, systematic reviews of published systematic reviews on nutritional interventions or exposures in pregnancy and in infants and young children aged up to 3 years that describe effects on subsequent overweight, obesity and body composition were performed. Experts developed consensus recommendations incorporating the wide-ranging expertise from additional 33 stakeholders. Findings: Most current recommendations for pregnant women, particularly obese women, and for young children do not take long-term health consequences of early nutrition into account, although the available evidence for relevant consequences of lifestyle, diet and growth patterns in early life on later health and disease risk is strong. Interpretation: We present updated recommendations for optimized nutrition before and during pregnancy, during lactation, infancy and toddlerhood, with special reference to later health outcomes. These recommendations are developed for affluent populations, such as women and children in Europe, and should contribute to the primary prevention of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases.

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“…However, we observed a significantly higher ratio in boys for the first time at 3 years of age, and others have seen this pattern appear between 2 and 7 years of age, which suggests more AT deposited intraabdominally. 17,20,35 Research indicates that the shift in visceral fat most likely emerges during the pubertal/early postpubertal period, with sexual maturation and hormone secretion as important determinants for this change. Longitudinal studies in early childhood could elucidate our understanding of the differences in growth patterns of subcutaneous and preperitoneal/intraabdominal fat development between boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Preperitoneal fat has been shown to be an approximation of visceral fat in children and adults. 12,13 Several studies have published US data which assessed different body fat compartments in infancy younger than 1 year of age, 6,[14][15][16] in early childhood, 6,17 and in school-aged children. 13,18,19 In 2016, Vogelezang et al provided US data from 2-to 6-year olds, to investigate the degree of tracking of abdominal fat from 2 to 6 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

et al. 2018

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Association of early protein intake and pre-peritoneal fat at five years of age: Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Clinical evaluation of two different protein content formulas fed to full-term healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial

Clinical evaluation of two different protein content formulas fed to full-term healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial

Nutrition During Pregnancy, Lactation and Early Childhood and its Implications for Maternal and Long-Term Child Health: The Early Nutrition Project Recommendations

Longitudinal sonographic assessment of abdominal fat distribution from 2 to 5 years of age

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