Lokalisation von Skotomen mittels Lesetest bei AMD

Eisenbarth, Werner; Padó, Ulrike; Schriever, S.; Schötschel, D.; Feucht, Nikolaus; MacKeben, Manfred

doi:10.1007/s00347-016-0252-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Usually the objective is to measure the reading speed and the number of spelling errors made by the user. For the VisualR implementation, we took as reference mainly the SKread [29, 30] and the Wilkins reading test [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VisualR: a novel and scalable solution for assessing visual function using virtual reality

Sozzi,

Groß,

Ljubisic

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Diagnosis and treatment of progressive eye diseases require effective monitoring of visual structure and function. However, current methods for measuring visual function are limited in accuracy, reliability, and usability. We propose a novel approach that leverages virtual reality (VR) technology to overcome these challenges, enabling more comprehensive measurements of visual function endpoints. Results: We developed VisualR, a low-cost VR-based application that consists of a smartphone app and a simple VR headset. The virtual environment allows precise control of visual stimuli, full control over the field of view, separating visual input to the left and right eyes, controlling visual angles and blocking background visual noise. We developed novel tests for metamorphopsia, contrast sensitivity and reading speed that can be performed by following simple instructions and providing verbal responses to visual cues, without the need for expert supervision. The smartphone app does not require an internet connection, handles all data processing and image display, and all data is stored locally and owned by the user. Conclusion: VisualR demonstrates the feasibility of building a visual function test device using consumer-grade hardware. Eventually, this technology could be used to measure visual function endpoints during clinical development of new treatments and to support disease diagnosis and monitoring. We open-sourced the application code and provide guidelines for creating reliable and user-friendly VR-based tests. We believe VR can open a new paradigm in visual function testing, and invite the wider community to build upon our work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VisualR: a novel and scalable solution for assessing visual function using virtual reality

Sozzi,

Groß,

Ljubisic

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With such tests, it is thought that linguistic aspects are widely excluded because reading performance depends on word and letter recognition alone. The English SKread charts [ 50 ] were compared to the MNREAD charts, and the German SKread charts [ 105 ] were compared to the German version of the RADNER Reading Charts; the reading speed and number of errors were compared to the MNREAD charts at a print size of 8M (decimal: 0.05 at 40 cm) and with the RADNER Charts at 5M (decimal: 0.08 at 40 cm). With the SKread test, the reading speed was significantly slower, and the number of errors was considerably higher for normally sighted subjects as well as for patients with a maculopathy, when compared to those obtained with the MNREAD and RADNER charts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading charts in ophthalmology

Radner¹

2017

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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A new generation of logarithmic reading charts has sparked interest in standardized reading performance analyses. Such reading charts have been developed according to the standards of the International Council of Ophthalmology. The print size progression in these calibrated charts is in accordance with the mathematical background of EN ISO 8596. These reading charts are: the Bailey–Lovie Word Reading Chart, the Colenbrander English Continuous Text Near Vision Cards, the Oculus Reading Probe II, the MNREAD Charts, the SKread Charts, and the RADNER Reading Charts. The test items used for these reading charts differ among the charts and are standardized to various extents. The Bailey–Lovie Charts, MNREAD Charts, SKread Charts, and RADNER Charts are also meant to measure reading speed and allow determination of further reading parameters such as reading acuity, reading speed based on reading acuity, critical print size, reading score, and logMAR/logRAD ratio. Such calibrated reading charts have already provided valuable insights into the reading performance of patients in many research studies. They are available in many languages and thus facilitate international communication about near visual performance. In the present review article, the backgrounds of these modern reading charts are presented, and their different levels of test-item standardization are discussed. Clinical research studies are mentioned, and a discussion about the immoderately high number of reading acuity notations is included. Using the logReading Acuity Determination ([logRAD] = reading acuity equivalent of logMAR) measure for research purposes would give reading acuity its own identity as a standardized reading parameter in ophthalmology.

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Comparing Reading Speeds for Reading Standardized Single Sentences and Paragraphs in Patients with Maculopathy

Kortüm¹,

Marx

Altpeter

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Res

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare reading speeds (RS) of either paragraphs of text or single sentences in patients with maculopathy by investigating the repeatability of RS to decide which text type to use in studies on patients with maculopathy. Methods: RS was measured for standardized texts in 25 participants with a central scotoma due to maculopathy (mean age 77.8 years ± 9.9 SD, mean binocular visual acuity 0.65 logMAR (±0.85 SD), median magnification requirement 3-fold). Reading 3 single sentences taken from the Radner reading charts (sample #1, #2, and #3) of 14 words and reading 3 paragraphs of International Reading Speed Texts (IReST, sample # 3, #6, and #10) with a mean of 132 (±3.2 SD) words, each in German, were compared. The 6 texts were read aloud in random order from a closed-circuit TV system, with size adjusted according to the individual magnification requirement. Reading time was measured by stopwatch, and speed was calculated in correctly read words per minute (wpm). Differences in RS depending on text length (single sentence vs. paragraph) and text sample were calculated by the Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The mean RS showed no significant difference between 2 charts of the same kind (sentences: 93 wpm ± 37 SD; paragraphs: 95 wpm ± 38 SD). RS differences between 2 charts were lower in paragraphs than in single sentences. Highest correlations of RS between all 6 texts existed between the 3 IReST text samples (r = 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98) compared with the 3 Radner sentences (r = 0.89, 0.81, and 0.90). The inter-chart reliability (coefficient of repeatability) was smaller for the paragraphs (12.9 wpm) than for the single sentences (36.4 wpm). Conclusion: In patients with maculopathy, single sentences are well suited for single measurement of RS. For repeated measurements (e.g., monitoring the course of a reading disorder or assessing effects of interventions), paragraphs are preferable because of their lower variability of RS between the paragraphs.

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Lokalisation von Skotomen mittels Lesetest bei AMD

Abstract: Information about the position of a central scotoma can be acquired by using the SKread test and an analysis of reading errors, which can augment effective clinical monitoring in AMD and subsequent visual rehabilitation.

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

VisualR: a novel and scalable solution for assessing visual function using virtual reality

VisualR: a novel and scalable solution for assessing visual function using virtual reality

Reading charts in ophthalmology

Comparing Reading Speeds for Reading Standardized Single Sentences and Paragraphs in Patients with Maculopathy

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