Simultaneous determination of plant growth regulator and pesticides in bean sprouts by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Effect of chitosan pre‐soaking on the growth and quality of yellow soybean sprouts

“…Generally, synthetic cytokinin, 6‐benzylaminopurine, which is a type of plant growth regulator, has been widely used to increase the marketability of bean sprouts by suppressing the growth of rootlets and promoting an increment in bulk; however, it is somewhat toxic, which has resulted in public health concerns …”

“…Generally, synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine, which is a type of plant growth regulator, has been widely used to increase the marketability of bean sprouts by suppressing the growth of rootlets and promoting an increment in bulk; however, it is somewhat toxic, which has resulted in public health concerns. 7 To date, efforts have been devoted to replace chemicals using natural additives. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has numerous applications as a result of its biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatible, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.…”

Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method validation for target pesticides in soybeans

“…Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) can be easily semi-automatised, and are probably the most widely applied techniques for cleaning-up the extracts from fatty vegetable samples (Garrido Frenich A. et al 2006;Gilbert-López et al 2009). Extraction of pesticides from soybeans or soy-derived products has been achieved mostly by QuEChERS (standing for Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) (Lehotay et al 2010;Wang et al 2013;Huertas Pérez et al 2015;Páleníková et al 2015;Kim et al 2016;May et al 2017). Other sample preparation procedures involved liquid extraction without clean-up (Pizzutti Ionara R. et al 2007;Pizzutti I. R. et al 2009;Domingos Alves et al 2016), or followed by either SPE (Hirahara et al 2005) or d-SPE (Nguyen et al 2010), GPC (Presta et al 2009), disposable pipette extraction (Li et al 2012) or matrix solid-phase dispersion (Maldaner et al 2008).…”

“…The use of GC is particularly suited to the analysis of volatile and nonpolar compounds, and coupled with single quadrupole MS, it is the most widely used technique for pesticide residue determination in fatty vegetables (Alder et al 2006;Gilbert-López et al 2009;Cunha and Fernandes 2011;Villaverde et al 2016). Most of the published methods for the determination of pesticides in soybeans or soy products are based on LC-MS/ MS (Pizzutti Ionara R. et al 2007;Pizzutti I. R. et al 2009;Lehotay et al 2010;Huertas Pérez et al 2015;Domingos Alves et al 2016;Kim et al 2016;May et al 2017;Viera et al 2017), GC-MS (Hirahara et al 2005;Nguyen et al 2010;Li et al 2012) or GC-MS/MS (Páleníková et al 2015). LC coupled to high resolution MS (LC-HRMS) (Xinyi et al 2007;Wang et al 2013), LC-UV (Maldaner et al 2008) and GC coupled to electron capture detector (Presta et al 2009) have also been applied.…”

“…Some dedicated methods covering a limited number of pesticides in soybeans or soy-based products provide recoveries close to 100% with a precision close to 5% (Huertas Pérez et al 2015;Kim et al 2016). However, the performance of most aforementioned methods is considered good enough for routine analysis when fulfilling the current EU guidelines for pesticides analysis (recoveries within the range 70-120%, and precision lower than 20%) (May et al 2017), and some pesticides are even out of this specification (Páleníková et al 2015;Domingos Alves et al 2016).…”