Obesogenic Retail Food Environments Around New Zealand Schools

Vandevijvere, Stefanie; Sushil, Zaynel; Exeter, Daniel J.; Swinburn, Boyd

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.013

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similarly, the implication from this research for schools, focuses on reducing opportunities for children to purchase unhealthy food and drink via recommended travel routes. The existence of the location of unhealthy food outlets around NZ schools is well established (Day and Pearce 2011;Vandevijvere et al 2016;Egli et al 2018). For school travel plans and services like walking school buses purposely planning routes that do not familiarise children to shops selling unhealthy food and drink and do not provide them opportunities for purchasing unhealthy food could be important considerations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, features of interest such as parks and the location of unhealthy food outlets were included in the map to 'crystallise' findings and provide context to results of the qualitative content analysis. Existing data from Vandevijvere et al (2016) were used to map unhealthy food outlets, defined as those that were classed as fast food, convenience or take-away stores. Finally, unhealthy food advertisements, described in detail in earlier NfAK research, were also added to the map, as advertising of unhealthy food influences normalisation of consumption for children (Sadeghirad et al 2016).…”

Section: Mapping Neighbourhood Destinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding children’s neighbourhood destinations: presenting the Kids-PoND framework

Egli

Villanueva

Donnellan

et al. 2019

Children's Geographies

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Children interact with and are greatly affected by their neighbourhoods. This research aims to understand the places children go in their neighbourhood and their perceptions of them. A child-centred approach was used to map destinations and ask open-ended survey questions, using Maptionnaire (a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) mapping software). Overall, 1102 children aged 7-13 years, from 19 schools in Auckland, New Zealand participated. PPGIS destinations were mapped with parks, unhealthy food outlets and advertising to contextualise children's neighbourhood destinations. We developed and present here the Kids-PoND (Kids-Perceptions of Neighbourhood Destinations) framework for understanding children's perceptions and use of neighbourhood destinations. We found parks with a variety of options for active play and socialisation are important to children as are shops where children consumed unhealthy food and drink. Our findings have implications for public health, town planning, children and their parents and schools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mapping Neighbourhood Destinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding children’s neighbourhood destinations: presenting the Kids-PoND framework

Egli

Villanueva

Donnellan

et al. 2019

Children's Geographies

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“…Higher accessibility was also observed for both convenience stores and supermarkets in the most deprived communities compared to the least deprived communities (Pearce et al 2008b). A recent national study explored proximity of unhealthy food retailers to schools and found approximately 68% urban schools had a convenience store within 800 m. Access to unhealthy foods through Fast Food/Takeaway or Convenience (FFTC) outlets was greater for the most deprived schools versus the least deprived schools (Vandevijvere et al 2016). Pearce et al (Day et al 2013) found that between 1966 and 2006, the median number of supermarkets/grocery stores within 800 m of schools decreased from 5 to 1, convenience stores decreased from 2 to 1, and fast food outlets increased from 1 to 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food swamps by area socioeconomic deprivation in New Zealand: a national study

Sushil

Vandevijvere

Exeter

et al. 2017

Int J Public Health

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Objectives A nationwide spatial analysis of community retail food environments in relation to area socioeconomic deprivation was conducted in New Zealand.Methods Addresses from about 20,000 registered food outlets were retrieved from all 66 Councils. Outlets were classified, geocoded and (spatially) validated. The analysis included 4087 convenience, 4316 fast food/takeaway and 1271 supermarket and fruit/vegetable outlets and excluded outlets not considered 'healthy' or 'unhealthy'. The population-weighted density of different outlet types in Census areas and the proximity to different outlet types from Meshblock centres were calculated and associations with area socioeconomic deprivation assessed. Spatial scan statistics was used to identify food swamp areas with a significantly higher relative density of unhealthy outlets than other areas. Results A significantly positive association was observed between area deprivation and density of all retailers. A significantly negative association was observed between area deprivation and proximity to all retailers. Nationwide, 722 Census areas were identified as food swamps. Conclusions Access to food retailers is significantly higher in more deprived areas than in less deprived areas. Restricting unhealthy outlets in areas with a high relative density of those outlets is recommended.

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“…Increasingly, researchers are recognising the potential for a reduction in obesity through food policy, particularly in relation to the advertising and availability of unhealthy foods in close proximity to schools. The IMD and the education domain in particular may be used to roll‐out regulatory‐based initiatives, in which the most deprived 5%, 10%, or 20% of neighbourhoods could be used to in the initial stages, followed by appropriate evaluations to see the impact such regulations have on childhood obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different domains of deprivation and their relationship with obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children

et al. 2019

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Summary Background There is a relationship between childhood obesity and area‐level deprivation. While the New Zealand Index of Deprivation (NZDep) has been used widely in research for the past 20 years, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was released in 2017. This study aims to investigate the association between deprivation and childhood obesity in New Zealand and compare measures of deprivation. Methods Data from 316 794 4‐year‐olds in New Zealand undertaking the B4 School Check in 2010 to 2016, a national health and development screen, were analysed. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed the relationship between area‐level deprivation and individual‐level child obesity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, immigration status, ethnicity, and year. Deprivation was measured using the census‐based NZDep2013 (deciles) and the administrative data‐based IMD (deciles). The seven domains of the IMD were also considered. Results The relationship between deprivation and obesity was very similar for the IMD and NZDep2013, point estimates were near identical, and confidence intervals overlapped substantially. Higher levels of deprivation were associated with a higher prevalence of child obesity. The relationship between deprivation and child obesity varied considerably across IMD domains. The education domain had the strongest association with child obesity and had an association with child obesity independent of the other domains of deprivation. Conclusion Overall, there was little difference between the NZDep and IMD. However, the IMD's domains and IMD‐1 approach reveal more nuanced understandings of the deprivation‐obesity gradient, including the importance of area‐level education deprivation for predicting child obesity rates.

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Obesogenic Retail Food Environments Around New Zealand Schools

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Understanding children’s neighbourhood destinations: presenting the Kids-PoND framework

Understanding children’s neighbourhood destinations: presenting the Kids-PoND framework

Food swamps by area socioeconomic deprivation in New Zealand: a national study

Different domains of deprivation and their relationship with obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children

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