Negative density dependence is stronger in resource‐rich environments and diversifies communities when stronger for common but not rare species

LaManna, Joseph A.; Walton, Maranda L.; Turner, Benjamín L.; Myers, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1111/ele.12603

Cited by 96 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…EDDM may reconcile contrasting findings for the relationship between the strength of CNDD and species abundance (Klironomos 2002;Comita et al 2010;Mangan et al 2010;Kobe and Vriesendorp 2011;Johnson et al 2012;Bagchi et al 2014, Zhu et al 2015LaManna et al 2016). For example, Zhu et al (2015) showed that rare species experienced weaker density-dependent effects, contrasting with the results of an earlier study using data from the same forest inventory (Johnson et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We suggest that approaches like EDDM that account for heterogeneity in local conspecific density, incorporating densities recorded across all measured plots to make demographic predictions, provide a stronger ability to link local, heterogeneous survival dynamics to community-scale outcomes of CNDD. Applying such approaches across other life stages and vital rates would broaden understanding of the full demographic influence of CNDD on plant populations and may reveal contrasting patterns across life stages (LaManna et al 2016) or tradeoffs that operate across different aspects of plant performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the demographic impact of conspecific negative density dependence

Fricke

Wright

2017

Oecologia

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consequently, mortality associated with CNDD. This mechanism allows rare species to avoid a disadvantage-whenrare that would, all else equal, result from stronger CNDD in rare species. Our work provides empirical support for a resolution to the apparently paradoxical findings that rare species experience stronger CNDD and may help reconcile contrasting findings for the relationship between the CNDD strength and abundance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the demographic impact of conspecific negative density dependence

Fricke

Wright

2017

Oecologia

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“…Our results align remarkably well with those of several related studies in terms of broad findings and species‐specific results. Three recent papers used observational approaches to compare conspecific and heterospecific effects across tree species in the eastern United States (Johnson et al., ; LaManna, Walton, Turner, & Myers, ; Zhu et al. ), and all found that negative conspecific effects were more common and/or stronger than positive conspecific effects or any type of heterospecific effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapling growth rates reveal conspecific negative density dependence in a temperate forest

Ramage

Johnson

Gonzalez‐Akre

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Local tree species diversity is maintained in part by conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). This pervasive mechanism occurs in a variety of forms and ecosystems, but research to date has been heavily skewed toward tree seedling survival in tropical forests. To evaluate CNDD more broadly, we investigated how sapling growth rates were affected by conspecific adult neighbors in a fully mapped 25.6 ha temperate deciduous forest. We examined growth rates as a function of the local adult tree neighborhood (via spatial autoregressive modeling) and compared the spatial positioning of faster‐growing and slower‐growing saplings with respect to adult conspecific and heterospecific trees (via bivariate point pattern analysis). In addition, to determine whether CNDD‐driven variation in growth rates leaves a corresponding spatial signal, we extended our point pattern analysis to a static, growth‐independent comparison of saplings and the next larger size class. We found that negative conspecific effects on sapling growth were most prevalent. Five of the nine species that were sufficiently abundant for analysis exhibited CNDD, while only one species showed evidence of a positive conspecific effect, and one or two species, depending on the analysis, displayed heterospecific effects. There was general agreement between the autoregressive models and the point pattern analyses based on sapling growth rates, but point pattern analyses based on single‐point‐in‐time size classes yielded results that differed markedly from the other two approaches. Our work adds to the growing body of evidence that CNDD is an important force in temperate forests, and demonstrates that this process extends to sapling growth rates. Further, our findings indicate that point pattern analyses based solely on size classes may fail to detect the process of interest (e.g., neighborhood‐driven variation in growth rates), in part due to the confounding of tree size and age.

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“…However, variation in the strength of conspecific and phylogenetic neighborhood effects likely occurs within sites, including spatial, temporal, and/or among-species variation (e.g. Comita et al 2010, Zhu et al 2015, LaManna et al 2016. A better understanding of conspecific and phylogenetic neighborhood effects could be gained by future studies examining variation within sites and testing whether interspecific differences in the strength of neighborhood effects are linked to species traits.…”

Section: Accepted Ar Ticlementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest tree neighborhoods are structured more by negative conspecific density dependence than by interactions among closely related species

et al. 2017

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Interactions among neighbors influence the structure of communities of sessile organisms. Closely related species tend to share habitat and resource requirements and to interact with the same mutualists and natural enemies so that the strength of interspecific interactions tends to decrease with evolutionary divergence time. Nevertheless, the degree to which such phylogenetically related ecological interactions structure plant communities remains unclear. Using data from five large mapped forest plots combined with a DNA barcode mega‐phylogeny, we employed an individual‐based approach to assess the collective effects of focal tree size on neighborhood phylogenetic relatedness. Abundance‐weighted average divergence time for all neighbors (ADT_all) and for heterospecific neighbors only (ADT_hetero) were calculated for each individual of canopy tree species. Within local neighborhoods, we found phylogenetic composition changed with focal tree size. Specifically, significant increases in ADT_all with focal tree size were evident at all sites. In contrast, there was no significant change in ADT_hetero with tree size in four of the five sites for both sapling‐sized and all neighbors, even at the smallest neighbourhood scale (0–5 m), suggesting a limited role for phylogeny‐dependent interactions. However, there were inverse relationships between focal tree size and the proportion of heterospecific neighbors belonging to closely related species at some sites, providing evidence for negative phylogenetic density dependence. Overall, our results indicate that negative interaction with conspecifics had a much greater impact on neighborhood assemblages than interactions among closely related species and could contribute to community structure and diversity maintenance in different forest communities.

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Negative density dependence is stronger in resource‐rich environments and diversifies communities when stronger for common but not rare species

Cited by 96 publications

References 49 publications

Measuring the demographic impact of conspecific negative density dependence

Measuring the demographic impact of conspecific negative density dependence

Sapling growth rates reveal conspecific negative density dependence in a temperate forest

Forest tree neighborhoods are structured more by negative conspecific density dependence than by interactions among closely related species

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