Evaluation of QuitNow Men: An Online, Men-Centered Smoking Cessation Intervention

Bottorff, Joan L.; Oliffe, John L.; Sarbit, Gayl; Sharp, Paul; Caperchione, Cristina M.; Currie, Leanne M.; Schmid, Jonathan; Mackay, Martha; Stolp, Sean

doi:10.2196/jmir.5076

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several recent trials have included such measures (11-14), while others that have relied on self-report have noted the lack of biochemical verification as a limitation of their findings (15-23). The emphasis on biochemical verification during peer review may be because digital interventions are newer than traditional face-to-face or telephonic approaches, and the perception that such studies should include more conservative metrics of abstinence to demonstrate their effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of biochemical verification in a web-based smoking cessation study

Cha

Ganz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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Background and Aims Cogent arguments have been made against the need for biochemical verification in population-based studies with low-demand characteristics. Despite this fact, studies involving digital interventions (low-demand) are often required in peer review to report biochemically verified abstinence. To address this discrepancy, we examined the feasibility and costs of biochemical verification in a web-based study conducted with a national sample. Methods Participants were 600 U.S. adult current smokers who registered on a web-based smoking cessation program and completed surveys at baseline and 3 months. Saliva sampling kits were sent to participants who reported 7-day abstinence at 3 months, and analyzed for cotinine. Results The response rate at 3-months was 41.2% (n=247): 93 participants reported 7-day abstinence (38%) and were mailed a saliva kit (71% returned). The discordance rate was 36.4%. Participants with discordant responses were more likely to report 3-month use of nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes than those with concordant responses (79.2% vs. 45.2%, p=.007). The total cost of saliva sampling was $8280 ($125/sample). Conclusions Biochemical verification was both time- and cost-intensive, and yielded a relatively small number of samples due to low response rates and use of other nicotine products during the follow-up period. There was a high rate of discordance of self-reported abstinence and saliva testing. Costs for data collection may be prohibitive for studies with large sample sizes or limited budgets. Our findings echo previous statements that biochemical verification is not necessary in population-based studies, and add evidence specific to technology-based studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of biochemical verification in a web-based smoking cessation study

Cha

Ganz

Cohn

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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“…76,89,100,106,108 To ensure comfortable navigation, the browsing options should always be clearly visible on all pages. 76,96,110 The navigation buttons should be large and clearly labelled. 90,108 A left-to-right menu has been found to be more successful than a top-down menu.…”

Section: Usability and Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated analysis of free-text comments and dashboard representations in patient experience surveys: a multimethod co-design study

Rivas

Tkacz

Antao

et al. 2019

Health Serv Deliv Res

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Background Patient experience surveys (PESs) often include informative free-text comments, but with no way of systematically, efficiently and usefully analysing and reporting these. The National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES), used to model the approach reported here, generates > 70,000 free-text comments annually. Main aim To improve the use and usefulness of PES free-text comments in driving health service changes that improve the patient experience. Secondary aims (1) To structure CPES free-text comments using rule-based information retrieval (IR) (‘text engineering’), drawing on health-care domain-specific gazetteers of terms, with in-built transferability to other surveys and conditions; (2) to display the results usefully for health-care professionals, in a digital toolkit dashboard display that drills down to the original free text; (3) to explore the usefulness of interdisciplinary mixed stakeholder co-design and consensus-forming approaches in technology development, ensuring that outputs have meaning for all; and (4) to explore the usefulness of Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) in structuring outputs for implementation and sustainability. Design A scoping review, rapid review and surveys with stakeholders in health care (patients, carers, health-care providers, commissioners, policy-makers and charities) explored clinical dashboard design/patient experience themes. The findings informed the rules for the draft rule-based IR [developed using half of the 2013 Wales CPES (WCPES) data set] and prototype toolkit dashboards summarising PES data. These were refined following mixed stakeholder, concept-mapping workshops and interviews, which were structured to enable consensus-forming ‘co-design’ work. IR validation used the second half of the WCPES, with comparison against its manual analysis; transferability was tested using further health-care data sets. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) explored which toolkit features were preferred by health-care professionals, with a simple cost–benefit analysis. Structured walk-throughs with NHS managers in Wessex, London and Leeds explored usability and general implementation into practice. Key outcomes A taxonomy of ranked PES themes, a checklist of key features recommended for digital clinical toolkits, rule-based IR validation and transferability scores, usability, and goal-oriented, cost–benefit and marketability results. The secondary outputs were a survey, scoping and rapid review findings, and concordance and discordance between stakeholders and methods. Results (1) The surveys, rapid review and workshops showed that stakeholders differed in their understandings of the patient experience and priorities for change, but that they reached consensus on a shortlist of 19 themes; six were considered to be core; (2) the scoping review and one survey explored the clinical toolkit design, emphasising that such toolkits should be quick and easy to use, and embedded in workflows; the workshop discussions, the DCE and the walk-throughs confirmed this and foregrounded other features to form the toolkit design checklist; and (3) the rule-based IR, developed using noun and verb phrases and lookup gazetteers, was 86% accurate on the WCPES, but needs modification to improve this and to be accurate with other data sets. The DCE and the walk-through suggest that the toolkit would be well accepted, with a favourable cost–benefit ratio, if implemented into practice with appropriate infrastructure support. Limitations Small participant numbers and sampling bias across component studies. The scoping review studies mostly used top-down approaches and focused on professional dashboards. The rapid review of themes had limited scope, with no second reviewer. The IR needs further refinement, especially for transferability. New governance restrictions further limit immediate use. Conclusions Using a multidisciplinary, mixed stakeholder, use of co-design, proof of concept was shown for an automated display of patient experience free-text comments in a way that could drive health-care improvements in real time. The approach is easily modified for transferable application. Future work Further exploration is needed of implementation into practice, transferable uses and technology development co-design approaches. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

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“…To date, the majority of prior work has focused on the usability and feasibility of mobile apps as mHealth interventions for self-guided care in smoking cessation [31][32][33][34]. Our focus differs from this approach, as we investigate a more psychological side of effectiveness in addition to behavioral therapy.…”

Section: Extending Extant Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Behavioral Changes through a Digital mHealth App: Exploring the Impact of Hedonic Well-Being, Psychological Empowerment and Inspiration (Preprint)

Lin¹,

Tudor-Sfetea²,

Siddiqui³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: New mobile health (mHealth) apps are emerging, and are providing the foundation to radically transform the practice and reach of medical research and care. For the purpose of this study we collaborated with Quit Genius (QG), a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based mHealth app that helps users quit smoking, to explore the effective design of a digital mHealth app; one that delivers important benefits to its users and helps them change their behaviors for a healthier lifestyle. Objective: The specific aims of this study were to (1) explore the key app elements that deliver significant benefits to users, (2) explore the effectiveness of these app elements to help users quit smoking, and (3) identify and describe any potential drivers and hindrances arising from the app design elements. Methods: We developed an online survey and sent an email invitation to 4,144 individuals, who had previously or were at the time using the QG mHealth app, to encourage participation in the study. We matched the online survey data with objective app usage data of the study participants. Results: A dataset of 190 completed responses was used. At the time of the survey, respondents had completed an average of 60% of the CBT program in the QG mHealth app. 36% of the respondents noted to have quit smoking successfully after using the QG app. As for those remaining smokers after using the app, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was significantly reduced by 59.6%. The app's ability to enhance users' psychological well-being and psychologically empower them in their daily lives was identified as being key in helping users quit smoking. Specifically, the results show that users whose well-being was enhanced through the app were 1.72 times more likely to quit smoking successfully. Moreover, a one-unit increase on a 7-point Likert scale in the app's ability to empower smokers in their daily lives led to a reduction of cigarettes smoked per day of 53%. The app's inspiration to users, however, was negatively associated with quitting success and the reduction in cigarette smoked per day. Conclusions: The findings offer important insights for the design of digital mHealth apps. Specifically, we find that perceived psychological empowerment and enhanced well-being from the mobile solution may be a more impactful way to support the effectiveness of mobile cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation than eliciting inspiration.

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Evaluation of QuitNow Men: An Online, Men-Centered Smoking Cessation Intervention

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Feasibility of biochemical verification in a web-based smoking cessation study

Feasibility of biochemical verification in a web-based smoking cessation study

Automated analysis of free-text comments and dashboard representations in patient experience surveys: a multimethod co-design study

Effective Behavioral Changes through a Digital mHealth App: Exploring the Impact of Hedonic Well-Being, Psychological Empowerment and Inspiration (Preprint)

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