Survival Outcomes of Mucosal Melanoma in the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of Current Treatment Guidelines

Breik, Omar; Sim, Felix; Wong, To; Nastri, A.; Iseli, Tim A.; Wiesenfeld, D.

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2016.03.008

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It most commonly (about 80%) affects the palate and the maxillary gingiva, followed by the retromolar region and the buccal mucosa. It affects males and females in their 5th to 7th decades of life equally, though some studies have shown a slightly higher male prevalence [1, 2, 8, 9]. A list of differential diagnoses of oral mucosal melanoma is given in Table 1.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this TNM (tumour/lymph node/metastases) staging system, owing to the aggressive histopathological behaviour of oral mucosal melanoma, the lowest T (tumour) category is T3 which is associated with clinical stage III (Table 2). Oral mucosal melanoma in situ is regarded as being already a T3 and should thus be treated as an invasive melanoma [1, 2, 9]. …”

Section: Staging and Principles Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this does not translate into improvement of overall survival rates [2, 3, 9], probably because distant spread of primary oral melanoma cells with a metastatic genotype occurs early in the course of the disease.…”

Section: Staging and Principles Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of the Aetiopathogenesis and Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Feller

Lemmer

2017

The Scientific World Journal

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Oral mucosal melanoma is an uncommon, usually heavily melanin-pigmented, but occasionally amelanotic aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis. Despite radical surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis are frequent. Microscopical examination is essential for diagnosis, and routine histological staining must be supplemented by immunohistochemical studies. The aetiology is unknown, the pathogenesis is poorly understood, and the 5-year survival rate rarely exceeds 30%. In most cases, oral mucosal melanoma arises from epithelial melanocytes in the basal layer of the epithelium and less frequently from immature melanocytes arrested in the lamina propria. In both cases the melanocytes undergo malignant transformation, invade deeper tissues, and metastasize to regional lymph nodes and to distant sites. Very rarely metastasis from skin melanoma may give rise to oral mucosal melanoma that may be mistaken for primary oral mucosal melanoma. The pathogenesis of oral mucosal melanoma is complex involving multiple interactions between cytogenetic factors including dysregulation of the cKit signalling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell-to-cell interactions on the one hand and melanin itself, melanin intermediates, and local microenvironmental agents regulating melanogenesis on the other hand. The detailed mechanisms that initiate the malignant transformation of oral melanocytes and thereafter sustain and promote the process of melanomagenesis are unknown.

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Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Staging and Principles Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Aetiopathogenesis and Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Feller

Lemmer

2017

The Scientific World Journal

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“…N0 is used for absence and N1 for presence of regional lymph node metastases. Similarly M0 is used for absence and M1 for presence of distant metastasis 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral malignant melanoma of alveolar ridge

Astekar¹,

Choubey²,

Manjunatha³

et al. 2019

BMJ Case Rep

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Malignancy of melanocytes, a pigment-producing cell, is referred as malignant melanoma (MM) which occur basically on skin and oral mucous membrane, but as well found in ears, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and genital mucosa. Oral melanomas has propensity to metastasise and invade more voluntarily than other malignant counterparts. Here we present a case of 52-year-old male patient with a chief symptom of blackening of gums in the upper front tooth region. In dental history, the patient revealed history of faulty artificial prosthesis fixed in the same region since 6 months. On the basis of a through clinical assessment, a provisional opinion of oral malignant melanoma, was prepared. On histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis with S-100 and homatropine methylbromide 45 the diagnosis of MM was confirmed.

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“…[22] The overall prognosis thus remain grim and most of the patients succumb to distant metastasis in spite of achieving a clear surgical margins of resection. [23,24] CONCLUSION Mucosal melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinus are rare tumours with an adverse clinical outcome. The prognosis of these tumours have not improved significantly over the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Clinicopathological Review

Das¹,

Mukherjee²

2016

jemds

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Melanomas are malignant tumours, which originate from melanocytes. Melanocytes originate from the neural crest cells and then migrate to various tissues in the body during the course of development. Sinonasal melanoma are rare tumours and the aetiopathogenesis, treatment and staging of the tumours are still an area of debate. There remains paucity of studies dealing exclusively with sinonasal melanoma. We attempt to make a comprehensive study of the disease by reviewing the existing literature on sinonasal melanoma. METHODOLOGYReview of existing literature on the melanoma of nose and paranasal sinus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe melanoma of the sinonasal tract are rare and account for 1% of all melanoma. The aetiology of the tumour is still debated and the behaviour of the tumour remains conspicuously different both genetically and clinically from its cutaneous counterpart. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, though newer modalities are being explored. The prognosis of these tumours remain grim with a 5-year survival rate of about 25%. CONCLUSIONEarly diagnosis, histopathological confirmation and aggressive control of the primary tumour is the standard modality of treatment. The molecular biology and genetics of the tumour are an interesting field of research and targeted therapy may hold the key to improve the outcome in the future.

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Survival Outcomes of Mucosal Melanoma in the Head and Neck: Case Series and Review of Current Treatment Guidelines

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

A Review of the Aetiopathogenesis and Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Mucosal Melanoma

A Review of the Aetiopathogenesis and Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Oral malignant melanoma of alveolar ridge

Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Clinicopathological Review

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