Lower number and decreased function of natural killer cells in hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Liu, Fangfang; Duan, Xiaojiang; Wan, Zhihong; Hong, Zhigang; You, Shaoli; Yang, Ruihua; Liu, Hongling; Li, Dongze; Jin, Li; Zhang, Yawei; Xin, Shaojie

doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2016.01.004

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The potency of the NK cell-mediated immune response is dependent on both its number and functional status. Several studies reported NK cell function in ACLF patients (105)(106)(107)(108). Decreased NK cell numbers and cytotoxic CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells have been observed in the circulation of HBV-ACLF patients (105).…”

Section: Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics

Khanam

Kottilil

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe life-threatening condition with high risk of multiorgan failure, sepsis, and mortality. ACLF activates a multifaceted interplay of both innate and adaptive immune response in the host which governs the overall outcome. Innate immune cells recognize the conserved elements of microbial and viral origin, both to extort instant defense by transforming into diverse modules of effector responses and to generate long-lasting immunity but can also trigger a massive intrahepatic immune inflammatory response. Acute insult results in the activation of innate immune cells which provokes cytokine and chemokine cascade and subsequently initiates aggressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hepatic damage, and high mortality in ACLF. Dysregulated innate immune response not only plays a critical role in disease progression but also potentially correlates with clinical disease severity indices including Child-Turcotte-Pugh, a model for end-stage liver disease, and sequential organ failure assessment score. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the disease and precise immune mechanisms associated with liver injury offers a novel approach for the development of new and efficient therapies to treat this severely ill entity. Immunotherapies could be helpful in targeting immune-mediated organ damage which may constrain progression toward liver failure and eventually reduce the requirement for liver transplantation. Here, in this review we discuss the defects of different innate immune cells in ACLF which updates the current knowledge of innate immune response and provide potential targets for new therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics

Khanam

Kottilil

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Finally, NK, NKT, and innate lymphoid cells share common features of the adaptive immune system and have some capability to differentiate into memory cells (11). A lower number and decreased function of peripheral NK cells has been reported in patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (12). Given that ACLF shares some similarities with sepsis and because dysfunctional PMNs and monocytes are the major contributors to excessive inflammation leading to tissue damage and multiple organ failure in this condition, this review focuses on the role of these two peripheral blood immune cell types in the pathogenesis of ACLF.…”

Section: Innate Immune System and Excessive Inflammatory Response In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Syndrome, or When the Innate Immune System Goes Astray

Clària

Arroyo

Moreau

2016

The Journal of Immunology

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The acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome is characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis, organ failure, and high 28-d mortality. ACLF displays key features of systemic inflammation and its poor outcome is closely associated with exacerbated systemic inflammatory responses. In this review, we describe the prevailing characteristics of systemic inflammation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ACLF, with special emphasis on the principal features of the cytokine storm the mechanisms underlying this intense systemic inflammatory response (i.e., presence of circulating pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns), and their implication in tissue and organ damage in this condition.

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“…73,74 Alternatively, attenuated NK function clearly predisposes patients with chronic liver failure to infection and impair immune responses against infection, which is believed to contribute to decompensated liver failure from chronic viral hepatitis. 75 A more nuanced and sophisticated understanding of how NK cell immune pathways are regulated is needed to translate these observations into appropriate therapies.…”

Section: Natural Killer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure and Immune Dysfunction: A Mimic of Sepsis

Hensley

Deng

2018

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Both the adaptive and innate arms of immunity are altered in patients with cirrhosis, which have both prognostic and clinical implications. Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), defined as decompensated cirrhosis with associated organ failure, carries a high risk of 28-day mortality and is marked by a significant inflammatory response. Patients with decompensated chronic liver disease display a shift from a chronic low-grade inflammatory state to one of intense inflammation, followed by the development of immunoparalysis. Considerable heterogeneity exists depending on the nature of the inciting cause and duration of ACLF. In this review, we will highlight the changes that immune cell populations in the liver undergo during decompensated liver disease, underscoring the immunological paradox between inflammation and increased susceptibility to infection that occurs during ACLF and progressive cirrhosis, as well as provide future perspectives regarding potentially useful biomarkers and possible avenues for treatment.

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Lower number and decreased function of natural killer cells in hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics

Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics

The Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Syndrome, or When the Innate Immune System Goes Astray

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure and Immune Dysfunction: A Mimic of Sepsis

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