Recent advances of biomaterials in biotherapy

Abstract

Biotherapy mainly refers to the intervention and the treatment of major diseases with biotechnologies or bio-drugs, which include gene therapy, immunotherapy (vaccines and antibodies), bone marrow transplantation and stem-cell therapy. In recent years, numerous biomaterials have emerged and were utilized in the field of biotherapy due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Generally, biomaterials can be classified into natural or synthetic polymers according to their source, both of which have attracted much attention. Notably, biomaterials-based non-viral gene delivery vectors in gene therapy are undergoing rapid development with the emergence of surface-modified or functionalized materials. In immunotherapy, biomaterials appear to be attractive means for enhancing the delivery efficacy and the potency of vaccines. Additionally, hydrogels and scaffolds are ideal candidates in stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we present an introduction of biomaterials used in above biotherapy, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering. We also highlighted the biomaterials which have already entered the clinical evaluation

Influence of Alkyl Chains of Modified Polysuccinimide‐Based Polycationic Polymers on Polyplex Formation and Transfection

“…To confirm the non‐toxicity of the alkyl chain in the polymers, cytotoxicity assays of bare dodecylated PSI derivatives obtained after amylolysis with amines 1‐(3‐aminopropyl) imidazole (A 5 ) and 1‐(2‐aminoethyl) piperazine (A 6 ) were performed (Figure S6, Supporting Information). Both imidazole and piperazine have lower in vitro cytotoxicity and are used in polymer and drug design . For the imidazole side chain (A 5 ), higher cell viability was obtained until 250 µg mL −1 , and a decreased cell viability was observed for the piperazine side group (A 6 ), presumably due to the secondary amine in the piperazine ring.…”

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“…Algunos estudios biomecánicos han planteado que la localización no centralizada del componente cefálico puede conducir a la rotación de la cabeza femoral alrededor del implante; y este mecanismo podría conducir al cut-out del implante (27). Por tanto, el componente cefálico debería ser posicionado en el centro de la cabeza femoral en todos los planos con el objetivo de reducir la fuerza de palanca y evitar la rotación de la cabeza femoral (28). Nuestros resultados muestras que no hay una aparente relación entre la longitud del clavo y el cut-out de la lámina espiral.…”

Soft‐Nanoparticle Functionalization of Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules, composed of a hydrophobic lipid‐soluble tail segment and a hydrophilic water‐soluble head segment. Liposomes have been widely used in drug and gene delivery, and in tissue engineering . Liposomes with sub‐micrometer sizes are called nanoliposomes.…”