Identification of Nanopillars on the Cuticle of the Aquatic Larvae of the Drone Fly (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Hayes, Matthew J.; Levine, Timothy P.; Wilson, Roger H.

doi:10.1093/jisesa/iew019

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Watson et al, demonstrated the bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis, caused by the micro-and nanosurface of gecko skin, which consists of spinules with a radius of curvature smaller than 20 nm and spacing in the sub-micron range [35]. Another group suggested that the hydrophilic surface texture of nanopillars on the aquatic larvae of the drone fly might inhibit biofilm formation and may even be bactericidal [36]. By using an alkaline hydrothermal process Diu et al, introduced a potent titanium nanostructured surface with two different phenotypes: brush and niche type nanowires with a diameter of approximately 100 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

et al. 2021

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Objectives: The transgingival part of titanium implants is either machined or polished. Cell-surface interactions as a result of nano-modified surfaces could help gingival fibroblast adhesion and support antibacterial properties by means of the physico-mechanical aspects of the surfaces. The aim of the present study was to determine how a nanocavity titanium surface affects the viability and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). Additionally, its properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis were tested. Material and Methods: Two different specimens were evaluated: commercially available machined titanium discs (MD) and nanostructured discs (ND). To obtain ND, machined titanium discs with a diameter of 15 mm were etched with a 1:1 mixture of 98% H2SO4 and 30% H2O2 (piranha etching) for 5 h at room temperature. Surface topography characterization was performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Samples were exposed to HGF-1 to assess the effect on cell viability and adhesion, which were compared between the two groups by means of MTT assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. After incubation with P. gingivalis, antibacterial properties of MD and ND were determined by conventional culturing, live/dead staining and SEM. Results: The present study successfully created a nanostructured surface on commercially available machined titanium discs. The etching process created cavities with a 10–20 nm edge-to-edge diameter. MD and ND show similar adhesion forces equal to about 10–30 nN. The achieved nanostructuration reduced the cell alignment along machining structures and did not negatively affect the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts when compared to MD. No differences in the expression levels of both actin and vinculin proteins, after incubation on MD or ND, were observed. However, the novel ND surface failed to show antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Antibacterial effects against P. gingivalis cannot be achieved with nanocavities within a range of 10–20 nm and based on the piranha etching procedure. The proliferation of HGF-1 and the expression levels and localization of the structural proteins actin and vinculin were not influenced by the surface nanostructuration. Further studies on the strength of the gingival cell adhesion should be performed in the future. Clinical relevance: Since osseointegration is well investigated, mucointegration is an important part of future research and developments. Little is known about how nanostructures on the machined transgingival part of an implant could possibly influence the surrounding tissue. Targeting titanium surfaces with improved antimicrobial properties requires extensive preclinical basic research to gain clinical relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

et al. 2021

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“…Many insects take advantage of this wetting physics and attain superhydrophobicity by both coating their bodies with oil or wax to optimize their surface chemistry 3 , 10 , 11 , and using hierarchical roughness structures to maximize the air fraction (minimize the solid-liquid contact) between the liquid and their bodies 4 . The roughness appears in many forms in insects and plants alike, including: nanopillars on drone fly 12 and dragonfly wings 13 , micropapillae on lotus leaves 14 , micropapillae with nanofolds on rose petals 15 , needle shaped setae with nanogrooves on water strider 11 , 16 and crane fly legs 17 , and arrays of hair with star-shaped cuticular projections on termite wings 18 . Insect surface chemistry and roughness helps them to stay dry, but their interactions with water brings other challenges as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How drain flies manage to almost never get washed away

Speirs

Mahadik

Thoroddsen

2020

Sci Rep

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Drain flies, Pshycoda spp. (Order Diptera, Family Psychodidae), commonly reside in our homes, annoying us in our bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms. They like to stay near drains where they lay their eggs and feed on microorganisms and liquid carbohydrates found in the slime that builds up over time. Though they generally behave very sedately, they react quite quickly when threatened with water. A squirt from the sink induces them to fly away, seemingly unaffected, and flushing the toilet with flies inside does not necessarily whisk them down. We find that drain flies’ remarkable ability to evade such potentially lethal threats does not stem primarily from an evolved behavioral response, but rather from a unique hair covering with a hierarchical roughness. This covering, that has never been previously explored, imparts superhydrophobicity against large droplets and pools and antiwetting properties against micron-sized droplets and condensation. We examine how this hair covering equips them to take advantage of the relevant fluid dynamics and flee water threats in domestic and natural environments including: millimetric-sized droplets, mist, waves, and pools of water. Our findings elucidate drain flies’ astounding ability to cope with a wide range of water threats and almost never get washed down the drain.

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“…Subsequently, more naturally occurring bactericidal surfaces have been reported . They include nanopillars on the dragonfly wing, the damselfly wing, the moth eye, the rat‐tailed maggot, the aquatic larva of the Drone fly, and the nanotipped hairs on gecko skin …”

Section: Antimicrobial Nanotopographiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants

Mas‐Moruno

Dalby

2018

Adv Healthcare Materials

180

171

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In biomaterials science, it is nowadays well accepted that improving the biointegration of dental and orthopedic implants with surrounding tissues is a major goal. However, implant surfaces that support osteointegration may also favor colonization of bacterial cells. Infection of biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation can have devastating effects and reduce patient quality of life, representing an emerging concern in healthcare. Conversely, efforts toward inhibiting bacterial colonization may impair biomaterial–tissue integration. Therefore, to improve the long‐term success of medical implants, biomaterial surfaces should ideally discourage the attachment of bacteria without affecting eukaryotic cell functions. However, most current strategies seldom investigate a combined goal. This work reviews recent strategies of surface modification to simultaneously address implant biointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. To this end, two emerging solutions are considered, multifunctional chemical coatings and nanotopographical features.

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Identification of Nanopillars on the Cuticle of the Aquatic Larvae of the Drone Fly (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

Effect of a Nanostructured Titanium Surface on Gingival Cell Adhesion, Viability and Properties against P. gingivalis

How drain flies manage to almost never get washed away

Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants

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