Sleep Extension before Sleep Loss

Arnal, Pierrick J.; Lapole, Thomas; Erblang, Mégane; Guillard, Mathias; Bourrilhon, Cyprien; Léger, Damien; Chennaoui, Mounir; Millet, Guillaume Y.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000925

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For instance, we showed that 6 nights of sleep extension prevented both reaction time degradation during a psychomotor vigilance test and the number of microsleep episodes during sleep deprivation [ 11 ]. In the same protocol, we also showed that sleep extension before a night of total sleep deprivation improved time to exhaustion during a lower-limb sustained isometric contraction [ 17 ]. The beneficial effect on performance was likely due to the reduced RPE after sleep deprivation when preceded by sleep banking (increasing sleep opportunity at night) since cortical voluntary activation (assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation) was not different between the sleep extension and the control conditions [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

et al. 2018

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Among factors impacting performance during an ultramarathon, sleep is an underappreciated factor that has received little attention. The aims of this study were to characterize habitual sleep behaviors in ultramarathon runners and to examine strategies they use to manage sleep before and during ultramarathons. Responses from 636 participants to a questionnaire were considered. This population was found to sleep more on weekends and holidays (7–8 h to 8–9 h) than during weekdays (6–7 h to 7–8 h; p < 0.001). Work was a mediator of napping habits since 19–25% reported napping on work days and 37–56% on non-work days. There were 24.5% of the participants reporting sleep disorders, with more women (38.9%) reporting sleep problems than men (22.0%; p < 0.005). Mean (±SD) sleepiness score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 8.9 ± 4.3 with 37.6% of respondents scoring higher than 10, reflecting excessive daytime sleepiness. Most of the study participants (73.9%) had a strategy to manage sleep preceding an ultramarathon, with 54.7% trying to increase their opportunities for sleep. Only 21% of participants reported that they had a strategy to manage sleep during ultramarathons, with micronaps being the most common strategy specified. Sub-analyses from 221 responses indicated that sleep duration during an ultramarathon was correlated with finish time for races lasting 36–60 h (r = 0.48; p < 0.01) or > 60 h (r = 0.44; p < 0.001). We conclude that sleep duration among ultramarathon runners was comparable to the general population and other athletic populations, yet they reported a lower prevalence of sleep disorders. Daytime sleepiness was among the lowest rates encountered in athletic populations, which may be related to the high percentage of nappers in our population. Sleep extension, by increasing sleep time at night and daytime napping, was the main sleep strategy to prepare for ultramarathons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevation of inflammatory markers, especially IL-6, has been associated with increased pain ratings in response to sleep restriction [ 16 ]. In contrast, good sleep, as well as sleep extension strategies, can enhance performance by preventing the decrease in cognitive performance and reducing the RPE during exercise [ 11 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

et al. 2018

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“…Three studies have examined the effects of sleep deprivation and exercise on central fatigue (Skein et al 2011;Temesi et al 2013;Arnal et al 2016), including one that also investigated the effects of prior sleep extension (Arnal et al 2016). Skein, Duffield et al (2011) Arnal et al (2016) investigated the effects of 6 nights of spending 1.5-2 h longer in bed each night prior to a 34-37 h period of sleep deprivation. Despite increased isometric exercise performance and lower RPE with sleep extension vs normal sleep, neuromuscular parameters were not different between the two conditions.…”

Section: Sleep Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the nervous system in neuromuscular fatigue induced by ultra-endurance exercise

Millet

Martín

Temesi

2018

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Ultra-endurance events are not a recent development but they have only become very popular in the last 2 decades, particularly ultramarathons run on trails. The present paper reviews the role of the central nervous system in neuromuscular fatigue induced by ultra-endurance exercise. Large decreases in voluntary activation are systematically found in ultra-endurance running but are attenuated in ultra-endurance cycling for comparable intensity and duration. This indirectly suggests that afferent feedback, rather than neurobiological changes within the central nervous system, is determinant in the amount of central fatigue produced. Whether this is due to inhibition from type III and IV afferent fibres induced by inflammation, disfacilitation of Ia afferent fibers owing to repeated muscle stretching or other mechanisms still needs to be determined. Sleep deprivation per se does not seem to play a significant role in central fatigue although it still affects performance by elevating ratings of perceived exertion. The kinetics of central fatigue and recovery, the influence of muscle group (knee extensors vs plantar flexors) on central deficit as well as the limitations related to studies on central fatigue in ultra-endurance exercise are also discussed in the present article. To date, no study has quantified the contribution of spinal modulations to central fatigue in ultra-endurance events. Future investigations utilizing spinal stimulation (i.e., thoracic stimulation) must be conducted to assess the role of changes in motoneuronal excitability on the observed central fatigue. Recovery after ultra-endurance events and the effect of sex on neuromuscular fatigue must also be studied further.

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“…8,10 A study showed that 10hour sleep extension during six nights reduced rated perceived exertion (RPE) and improved motor performance. 17 Thereby, it is possible to suggest that seven hours of sleep per night, as observed in the present study, is not sufficient for the psychomotor recovery of athletes who face high training loads 3 and mental stress during training and competition periods that have greater recovery requirements. 7,10 Relative to athletes' sleep variables, the present study verified that there was sleep fragmentation higher than recommended and difficulty falling asleep (high sleep latency) during the pre-game training days for Rio 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Sleep-Wake Cycle of Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

Narciso¹,

Silva²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2020

Rev And Med Dep

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Objective: To analyze chronotype, duration and quality of sleep among elite athletes, to compare differences in sleep variables between sex, and to compare differences between athletes of individual and team sports. Method: The sample included 70 Brazilian elite athletes of both sex (male=37; female=33) with a mean age 23.0 ± 4.0 years old. To measure sleep-wake cycle, athletes wore an actigraph on the wrist for 10 days. Moreover, athletes answered the chronotype questionnaire of Horne and Östberg. Results: The most athletes are intermediate-type (n=55, 78.6%), with a mean of 07h:18min of sleep per night. The athletes demonstrated higher sleep fragmentation (39.26 ± 23.66 minutes) and higher sleep latency (30.88 ± 16.19 minutes) during pre-competition training days. Additionally, the athletes of individual sports demonstrated more fragmentation (p<0.001) and less sleep efficiency (p<0.001) compared athletes of team sports. However, there was no significant difference in all sleep variables between the male and female sex. Conclusion: The overall elite athletes presented poor sleep quality during the training periods prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and individual athletes showed higher fragmentation and poorer sleep efficiency compared to team athletes.

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Sleep Extension before Sleep Loss

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

Sleep habits and strategies of ultramarathon runners

The role of the nervous system in neuromuscular fatigue induced by ultra-endurance exercise

Sleep-Wake Cycle of Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

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