Detection and monitoring of human bocavirus 1 infection by a new rapid antigen test

Abstract

Clinically relevant diagnosis of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is challenging, as the virus is frequently detected in asymptomatic patients, and cofindings with other respiratory viruses are common. The clinical value of current diagnostic methods, such as PCR, is therefore low, and alternative diagnostic strategies are needed. We describe for the first time the use of an antigen detection assay for the rapid identification of HBoV1 in a paediatric patient with respiratory tract infection symptoms. We estimate the duration of active HBoV1 infection to be 6 days.

Human Parvoviruses

“…To determine the causative role of HBoV1, other diagnostic markers are needed beyond mere PCR positivity in airway samples. These markers include high viral loads, mRNA or antigen detection in respiratory samples, viremia, serodiagnosis, and monoinfection (28,316,322,323,332,333,(997)(998)(999)(1000)(1001). Careful clinical studies applying more accurate markers have been done, providing accumulating evidence that HBoV1 is an important respiratory pathogen in children (28,151,285,286,288,290,310,316,322,323,332,333,(1001)(1002)(1003)(1004)(1005)(1006)(1007)(1008)(1009)(1010).…”

“…The same consideration applies to enteric HBoVs in tissues and stool (325,335). Detection of anti-HBoV1 antibodies or viral DNA in serum or of HBoV1 spliced mRNA, high copies of viral DNA, or antigen in airway samples is a more reliable tool to detect primary infection (28,316,322,323,332,333,(997)(998)(999)(1000)(1001)1032).…”

“…Recently, HBoV1 was added to the platform of an innovative multiplex pointof-care antigen test for respiratory tract infections, which is based on separationfree two-photon excitation fluorometry (1000,1134,1135). The HBoV1 antigen test was subsequently used to estimate the period of active HBoV1 infection to about 1 week, which coincided with the decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms (1000).…”

Human Bocavirus 1 Infection of Well‐Differentiated Human Airway Epithelium

“…It has been reported that mono‐detection of HBoV1 infection is significantly associated with community‐acquired pneumonia (Schlaberg et al., 2017). Primary acute HBoV1 infection can be diagnosed only when high virus loads (>10 4 viral genome copies per milliliter of nasopharyngeal aspirate) or viral mRNA is detected in respiratory secretions; when the patient has HBoV1‐specific IgM antibody and/or has increased HBoV1‐specific IgG antibody; or when the patient has viremia (i.e., with detection of viral DNA in the plasma) (Allander et al., 2007; Bruning et al., 2016; Christensen et al., 2013; Christensen, Nordbø, Krokstad, Rognlien, & Døllner, 2010; Kantola et al., 2008; Karalar et al., 2010; Lindner et al., 2008; Proenca‐Modena et al., 2011; Schlaberg et al., 2017; Söderlund‐Venermo et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2013).…”

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of acute human bocavirus 1 infection in children

“…Detection of HBoV1 antigen is another diagnostic approach. An automated HBoV1 antigen test based on immunometric detection has recently been developed and has shown promise in preliminary studies [11]. Antigen detection is well suited for automation and point-of-care diagnostics, and may be beneficial to making an HBoV1 diagnosis by providing rapid and specific results.…”