Clarity on the Isoform-Specific Roles of NADPH Oxidases and NADPH Oxidase-4 in Atherosclerosis

Fulton, David; Barman, Scott A.

doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.307096

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Free radical generation contributes to the development and progression of numerous CVDs, including vascular injuries and atherosclerotic plaque formation. During CVD pathogenesis, the equilibrium between free radical generation and antioxidant defense is greatly shifted toward the former (Singh and Niaz, 1996;Witztum and Berliner, 1998;Fulton and Barman, 2016). GBE greatly restores the disturbed oxidative state equilibrium due to their antioxidant action, which helps to scavenge excessive free radicals as well as reduce free radical generation.…”

Section: Ginkgo Biloba At the Bench: Mechanism Of Action In Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

et al. 2020

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant health burden with an ever-increasing prevalence. They remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of medicinal herbs continues to be an alternative treatment approach for several diseases including CVDs. Currently, there is an unprecedented drive for the use of herbal preparations in modern medicinal systems. This drive is powered by several aspects, prime among which are their cost-effective therapeutic promise compared to standard modern therapies and the general belief that they are safe. Nonetheless, the claimed safety of herbal preparations yet remains to be properly tested. Consequently, public awareness should be raised regarding medicinal herbs safety, toxicity, potentially lifethreatening adverse effects, and possible herb-drug interactions. Over the years, laboratory data have shown that medicinal herbs may have therapeutic value in CVDs as they can interfere with several CVD risk factors. Accordingly, there have been many attempts to move studies on medicinal herbs from the bench to the bedside, in order to effectively employ herbs in CVD treatments. In this review, we introduce CVDs and their risk factors. Then we overview the use of herbs for disease treatment in general and CVDs in particular. Further, data on the ethnopharmacological therapeutic potentials and medicinal properties against CVDs of four widely used plants, namely Ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Ganoderma lucidum, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, are gathered and reviewed. In particular, the employment of these four plants in the context of CVDs, such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been reviewed, analyzed, and critically discussed. We also endeavor to document the recent studies aimed to dissect the cellular and molecular cardio-protective mechanisms of the four plants, using recently reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we reviewed and reported the results of the

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Section: Ginkgo Biloba At the Bench: Mechanism Of Action In Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

et al. 2020

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“…Recent a study had indicated that Nox enzymes play different roles in atherogenesis (Fulton and Barman, 2016 ). XO produces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide by employing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor (Nishino et al, 2008 ; Nomura et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros)–producing Systems In Atherosclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress-Mediated Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapies

et al. 2017

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Atherogenesis, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, is a complex process that involves several mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, neovascularization, vascular proliferation, apoptosis, matrix degradation, inflammation, and thrombosis. The pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis are explained differently by different scholars. One of the most common theories is the destruction of well-balanced homeostatic mechanisms, which incurs the oxidative stress. And oxidative stress is widely regarded as the redox status realized when an imbalance exists between antioxidant capability and activity species including reactive oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS) and halogen species, non-radical as well as free radical species. This occurrence results in cell injury due to direct oxidation of cellular protein, lipid, and DNA or via cell death signaling pathways responsible for accelerating atherogenesis. This paper discusses inflammation, mitochondria, autophagy, apoptosis, and epigenetics as they induce oxidative stress in atherosclerosis, as well as various treatments for antioxidative stress that may prevent atherosclerosis.

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“…Among them, only Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed in the endothelium, vascular SMCs, fibroblasts, or perivascular adipocytes at significant levels. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Nox homologues play important and various roles in atherogenesis [32].…”

Section: Nadph Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

Poznyak

Grechko

Orekhova

et al. 2020

Biology

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Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis.

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Clarity on the Isoform-Specific Roles of NADPH Oxidases and NADPH Oxidase-4 in Atherosclerosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

Oxidative Stress-Mediated Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapies

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment

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