Endocranial Morphology of the Primitive Nodosaurid Dinosaur Pawpawsaurus campbelli from the Early Cretaceous of North America

Paulina‐Carabajal, Ariana; Lee, Yuong‐Nam; Jacobs, Louis L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150845

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1 ) in the endocast of Saturnalia tupiniquim mostly correspond to that of other dinosaurs (see e.g. refs 13 – 18 ) and non-dinosaurian dinosauriforms , 19 . The foramen associated with the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) is located on the lateral wall of the braincase, anterior to the floccular fossa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

Bronzati

Rauhut

Bittencourt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The evolutionary history of dinosaurs might date back to the first stages of the Triassic (c. 250–240 Ma), but the oldest unequivocal records of the group come from Late Triassic (Carnian – c. 230 Ma) rocks of South America. Here, we present the first braincase endocast of a Carnian dinosaur, the sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim, and provide new data regarding the evolution of the floccular and parafloccular lobe of the cerebellum (FFL), which has been extensively discussed in the field of palaeoneurology. Previous studies proposed that the development of a permanent quadrupedal stance was one of the factors leading to the volume reduction of the FFL of sauropods. However, based on the new data for S. tupiniquim we identified a first moment of FFL volume reduction in non-sauropodan Sauropodomorpha, preceding the acquisition of a fully quadrupedal stance. Analysing variations in FFL volume alongside other morphological changes in the group, we suggest that this reduction is potentially related to the adoption of a more restricted herbivore diet. In this context, the FFL of sauropods might represent a vestigial trait, retained in a reduced version from the bipedal and predatory early sauropodomorphs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

Bronzati

Rauhut

Bittencourt

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Aspects of ankylosaurian anatomy, phylogeny, and paleobiogeography have been thoroughly studied in the last few decades (e.g., Maryańska, 1977;Tumanova, 1987Tumanova, , 2012Coombs and Maryańska, 1990;Carpenter, 2001;Vickaryous et al, 2004;Thompson et al, 2012;Arbour and Currie, 2016). Despite this progress, our knowledge of the neurocranial osteology and endocranial morphology within the clade is comparatively poor (see the recent review by Paulina-Carabajal et al [2018]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Kuzmin

Petrov²,

Averianov

et al. 2020

BioComm

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We describe in detail three braincases of the ankylosaur Bissektipelta archibaldi from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Uzbekistan with the aid of computed tomography, segmentation, and 3D modeling. Bissektipelta archibaldi is confirmed as a valid taxon and attributed to Ankylosaurinae based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. The topographic relationships between the elements forming the braincase are determined using a newly referred specimen with preserved sutures, which is an exceedingly rare condition for ankylosaurs. The mesethmoid appears to be a separate ossification in the newly referred specimen ZIN PH 281/16. We revise and discuss features of the neurocranial osteology in Ankylosauria and propose new diagnostic characters for a number of its subclades. We present a 3D model of the braincase vasculature of Bissektipelta and comment on vascular patterns of armored dinosaurs. A complex vascular network piercing the skull roof and the wall of the braincase is reported for ankylosaurs for the first time. We imply the presence of a lepidosaur-like dorsal head vein and the venous parietal sinus in the adductor cavity of Bissektipelta. We suggest that the presence of the dorsal head vein in dinosaurs is a plesiomorphic diapsid trait, and extant archosaur groups independently lost the vessel. A study of two complete endocranial casts of Bissektipelta allowed us to compare endocranial anatomy within Ankylosauria and infer an extremely developed sense of smell, a keen sense of hearing at lower frequencies (100–3000 Hz), and the presence of physiological mechanisms for precise temperature control of neurosensory tissues at least in derived ankylosaurids.

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“…1) in the endocast of Saturnalia tupiniquim mostly correspond to that of other dinosaurs (see e.g. refs [13][14][15][16][17][18] ) and non-dinosaurian dinosauriforms ,19 . The foramen associated with the cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve) is located on the lateral wall of the braincase, anterior to the floccular fossa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

Bronzati¹,

Rauhut²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The evolutionary history of dinosaurs might date back to the fist stages of the Triassic (c. 250– 240 Ma), but the oldest unequivocal records of the group come from Late Triassic (Carnian – c. 230 Ma) rocks of South America. Here, we present the fist braincase endocast of a Carnian dinosaur, the sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim, and provide new data regarding the evolution of the flccular and paraflccular lobe of the cerebellum (FFL), which has been extensively discussed in the fild of palaeoneurology. Previous studies proposed that the development of a permanent quadrupedal stance was one of the factors leading to the volume reduction of the FFL of sauropods. However, based on the new data for S. tupiniquim we identifid a fist moment of FFL volume reduction in nonsauropodan Sauropodomorpha, preceding the acquisition of a fully quadrupedal stance. Analysing variations in FFL volume alongside other morphological changes in the group, we suggest that this reduction is potentially related to the adoption of a more restricted herbivore diet. In this context, the FFL of sauropods might represent a vestigial trait, retained in a reduced version from the bipedal and predatory early sauropodomorphs.

show abstract

Endocranial Morphology of the Primitive Nodosaurid Dinosaur Pawpawsaurus campbelli from the Early Cretaceous of North America

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Endocast of the Late Triassic (Carnian) dinosaur Saturnalia tupiniquim: implications for the evolution of brain tissue in Sauropodomorpha

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