26th December 2004 great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra

Sibuet, Jean-Claude; Rangin, Claude; Lepichon, X.; Singh, S. C.; Cattaneo, Antonio; Graindorge, David; Klingelhoëfer, Frauke; Lin, Jing Yi; Malod, J.; Maury, Tanguy

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.005

Cited by 96 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Teleseismic body wave inversion is a sensitive method for determining the depth of a slip area using the depth phases (i.e., the -pP and -sP phases). Ammon-III assumed three planar fault segments to express the very long and wide rupture area of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake; however, the subducting slab geometry obtained by seismicity is actually curved (Engdahl et al 2007;Sibuet et al 2007). The gap in depth between the assumed fault model and the true slab geometry causes a negative effect in the inversion results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleseismic inversion of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture process using complete Green’s functions

Yoshimoto

Yamanaka

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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Spatial and temporal variations in coseismic slip distribution are often obtained by rupture process analyses using teleseismic body waves. Many analyses using teleseismic body waves were based on the ray theory because of the very efficiently computable direct P-, S-, and major reflected waves near the source. The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes recorded in history, and the data that are required for the entire rupture process analysis include later phases such as PP waves and a very long period phase called a W phase. However, calculating these later phases using the conventional ray theoretical method is difficult. Here we investigate the rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake using complete Green's functions, including all later phases such as PP waves and W phase. We use the direct solution method, which computes complete synthetic seismograms up to 2 Hz for transversely isotropic spherically symmetric media, to calculate the Green's functions. The obtained synthetic seismograms generated fit the observed seismograms quite well from a short period to a long period. The estimated slip distribution consists of four large slip areas: the largest slip occurred in the shallow part off the Sumatra west coast with a maximum slip of approximately 29 m, the second and third largest slips occurred in the shallow and deep parts of the Nicobar region with maximum slips of approximately 8 m and 7 m, respectively, and the fourth slip occurred in the middle Andaman region with a maximum slip of approximately 6 m. The estimated average rupture velocity is 2.8 km/s, but the rupture may have slowed between the Sumatra and the shallow Nicobar slip areas, and between the Nicobar and the middle Andaman slip areas. The delayed initiation of the shallow slips in the Nicobar region may possibly have been triggered by the deeper slip in the Nicobar region. There were no distinct depth-varying properties for the shallow and deep slips in the Nicobar region, as were reported for the 2011 Tohoku-Oki and 2010 Chile earthquake.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleseismic inversion of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture process using complete Green’s functions

Yoshimoto

Yamanaka

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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“…We may point out the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami as another example. Plafker et al (2007) and Sibuet et al, (2007) presented evidence that the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was associated with a splay fault originating at the interplate fault plane which increased the tsunamigenic effects.…”

Section: Review Of Some Splay Faulting Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomena that are triggered by the main subduction earthquakes and locally contribute to tsunami in addition to the main slip on the subduction zone are known as secondary tsunami sources. The most important secondary sources are submarine landslides, whose effect was mainly evidenced during the 1992 Flores Island tsunami (Synolakis and Okal, 2005;Hidayat et al, 1995), and splay fault branching which was observed during some large subduction earthquakes such as the 1946 Nankai tsunami (Cummins and Kaneda, 2000), 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan tsunamis (Plafker, 1972), and most recently during the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami (Sibuet et al, 2007). Here, in this chapter we focus on splay faults which are known as one of the important secondary tsunami sources and were responsible for a large part of tsunami deaths during past tsunamis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Tsunami Risks from Splay Faulting

Heidarzadeh¹

2011

The Tsunami Threat - Research and Technology

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“…1). Resulting from the subduction process this region is regularly devastated by shallow megathrust earthquakes (McCloskey et al, 2008;Natatawidja et al, 2006;Sibuet et al, 2007). The energy released by a sudden slip or rupture is extremely destructive; however, the worst consequences are not produced by the earthquakes themselves, but by the tsunami triggered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of installing a tsunami early warning system in the vicinity of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia

Lauterjung

Münch

Rudloff

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Indonesia is located along the most prominent active continental margin in the Indian Ocean, the so-called Sunda Arc and, therefore, is one of the most threatened regions of the world in terms of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. On 26 December 2004 the third largest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded (magnitude 9.3, Stein and Okal, 2005) occurred off-shore northern Sumatra and triggered a mega-tsunami affecting the whole Indian Ocean. Almost a quarter of a million people were killed, as the region was not prepared either in terms of early-warning or in terms of disaster response. <br><br> In order to be able to provide, in future, a fast and reliable warning procedure for the population, Germany, immediately after the catastrophe, offered during the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Hyogo/Japan in January 2005 technical support for the development and installation of a tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean in addition to assistance in capacity building in particular for local communities. This offer was accepted by Indonesia but also by other countries like Sri Lanka, the Maldives and some East-African countries. Anyhow the main focus of our activities has been carried out in Indonesia as the main source of tsunami threat for the entire Indian Ocean. Challenging for the technical concept of this warning system are the extremely short warning times for Indonesia, due to its vicinity to the Sunda Arc. For this reason the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) integrates different modern and new scientific monitoring technologies and analysis methods

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26th December 2004 great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra

Cited by 96 publications

References 28 publications

Teleseismic inversion of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture process using complete Green’s functions

Teleseismic inversion of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture process using complete Green’s functions

Major Tsunami Risks from Splay Faulting

The challenge of installing a tsunami early warning system in the vicinity of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia

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