Ionogels Based on Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Metal-Containing Ionic Liquids: Correlation between Structure and Mechanical and Electrical Properties

Abstract

Ionogels (IGs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the metal-containing ionic liquids (ILs) bis-1-butyl-3-methlimidazolium tetrachloridocuprate(II), tetrachloride cobaltate(II), and tetrachlorido manganate(II) have been synthesized and their mechanical and electrical properties have been correlated with their microstructure. Unlike many previous examples, the current IGs show a decreasing stability in stress-strain experiments on increasing IL fractions. The conductivities of the current IGs are lower than those observed in similar examples in the literature. Both effects are caused by a two-phase structure with micrometer-sized IL-rich domains homogeneously dispersed an IL-deficient continuous PMMA phase. This study demonstrates that the IL-polymer miscibility and the morphology of the IGs are key parameters to control the (macroscopic) properties of IGs.

Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: Optical and Electrochemical Properties versus d‐Block Metal Combinations

“…Synthesis of all compounds was achieved using established and publishedp rotocols from commercial startingm aterials. [11] Figure 1s hows the general synthesis and the resulting ILs. All products are solids at room temperature, but melt between 60 and 93 8C.…”

“…Consequently,M ILs have interesting electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, and opticalp roperties, whichc annotb eo btained otherwise. [3,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Especially transition-metal-based MILs have attracted attention. This is, amongo thers, due to the fact MILs are not only interesting materials in their own right but can also act as ionic liquid precursors (ILPs)o r, as they are also termed, "all-in-one solventtemplate-reactants", [22] for the controlled synthesis of inorganic and hybrid materials.…”

“…If combined with suitable organicc ations, these units are the basis for a large group of MILs, the halidometallate ILs, which arguablyi s the largest subgroup of MILs studied today. [10,11,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] However,a lthough many different metals are in principle amenablet ot he synthesis of halidometallateI Ls, there are still only few reports on MILs containing more than one metal. Very recently,L iu et al [37] demonstrated mixed metal ILs by combining monometallic ILs with an additional metal salt.…”

“…MILs are ILs with at least one metal ion in the IL anion or cation. Consequently, MILs have interesting electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, and optical properties, which cannot be obtained otherwise [3, 9, 11–18, 19–21] . Especially transition‐metal‐based MILs have attracted attention.…”

Low-Melting Manganese(II)-Based Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Structures, Properties and Influence of Trace Impurities

“…To the best of our knowledge, crystallographic investigations of imidazolium-based salts containing the [Mn II X 4 ] 2− ( X = halide) anions are only known for (ImH) 2 [MnCl 4 ]·(ImH) 4 [MnCl 6 ] (ImH = 1 H-imidazolium) [45], (MImPPy)[MnCl 4 ] (MImPPy = 1-(3-(1-Methylimidazolium-3-yl) propyl) pyridinium) and (DMBIm)[MnCl 4 ] (DMBIm = 1,1’-Butane-1, 4-diylbis (3-methylimidazolium) [46], (BMIm) 2 [MnCl 4 ] (BMIm = 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium) [47,48] and (BMIm) 2 [MnBr 4 ] [49], respectively. It is obvious that, until now, there has been no single crystal data available for imidazolium-based systems, which contain pseudohalides as ligands in the complex anion [Mn II (NCX) 4 ] 2− ( X = O, S).…”