SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF VESPER SPARROWS (<i>POOECETES GRAMINEUS</i>) TO WEST NILE VIRUS: A POTENTIAL AMPLIFICATION HOST IN SAGEBRUSH-GRASSLAND HABITAT

Hofmeister, Erik K.; Dusek, Robert J.; Fassbinder-Orth, Carol A.; Owen, Benjamin; Franson, J. Christian

doi:10.7589/2015-06-148

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One week prior to challenge, a 100 μL blood sample was obtained from the jugular vein of all birds for baseline WNV serology. Procedural controls were caged separately and on day 0 of the study were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) in the medial side of left thigh with 100 μL of BA1 media, as previously described [14]. West Nile virus challenge groups were inoculated s.c. with 100 μL of BA1 containing 10 7 ,10 5 , and 10 3 plaque forming units (PFU) of a low passage (< 3) 1999 American crow ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ) isolate of WNV (NWHC 16399–3) (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA was extracted from brain and skin using the RNeasy Lipid Tissue, and RNeasy Fibrous Tissue Mini extraction kits, respectively (Qiagen Inc.), and from the remaining tissues using the RNeasy Mini extraction kit (Qiagen Inc.), as previously described [14]. A volume of 2.5 μL of extracted RNA was added to 22.5 μL of reaction master mix (QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR kit Qiagen Inc.) containing WNV-ENV forward and WNV-ENV reverse primers, as described [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

et al. 2017

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“…Three birds served as procedural controls and on day 0 were injected subcutaneously with 100 µl of BA1 media, as previously described [27]. Peak viremia occurs at 4.6 ± 1.7 dpi as quantified via RT-PCR [25] and thus, we characterized the transcriptional response leading to (2 dpi, n = 3) and at peak viral load (4 dpi, n = 3) in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional response to West Nile virus infection in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

2017

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread arbovirus that imposes a significant cost to both human and wildlife health. WNV exists in a bird-mosquito transmission cycle in which passerine birds act as the primary reservoir host. As a public health concern, the mammalian immune response to WNV has been studied in detail. Little, however, is known about the avian immune response to WNV. Avian taxa show variable susceptibility to WNV and what drives this variation is unknown. Thus, to study the immune response to WNV in birds, we experimentally infected captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Zebra finches provide a useful model, as like many natural avian hosts they are moderately susceptible to WNV and thus provide sufficient viremia to infect mosquitoes. We performed RNAseq in spleen tissue during peak viremia to provide an overview of the transcriptional response. In general, we find strong parallels with the mammalian immune response to WNV, including upregulation of five genes in the Rig-I-like receptor signalling pathway, and offer insights into avian-specific responses. Together with complementary immunological assays, we provide a model of the avian immune response to WNV and set the stage for future comparative studies among variably susceptible populations and species.

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“…; Hofmeister et al . ), alphaviruses (Fassbinder‐Orth, Barak & Brown ) and poxviruses (Ha et al . ; Ellison et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A secondary antibody that recognizes multiple avian species was first reported by Chiles & Reisen (1998), in which an 'anti-bird' antibody was produced in goats using sera from whitecrowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys), ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria), domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata). This secondary antibody has been used in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of flaviviruses (Ebel et al 2002;Hofmeister et al 2016), alphaviruses (Fassbinder-Orth, Barak & Brown 2013 and poxviruses (Ha et al 2013;Ellison et al 2014). While this antibird antibody is commercially available and provides breadth in an avian coverage, reliable detection of antibodies in a specific group of birds by broad-spectrum antibodies such as this is unknown, and no other wild bird-specific secondary antibodies are commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin detection in wild birds: effectiveness of three secondary anti‐avian IgY antibodies in direct ELISAs in 41 avian species

et al. 2016

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Summary Immunological reagents for wild, non-model species are limited or often non-existent for many species.In this study, we compare the reactivity of a new anti-passerine IgY secondary antibody with existing secondary antibodies developed for use with birds. Samples from 41 species from the following six avian orders were analysed: Anseriformes (1 family, 1 species), Columbiformes (1 family, 2 species), Galliformes (1 family, 1 species), Passeriformes (16 families, 34 species), Piciformes (1 family, 2 species) and Suliformes (1 family, 1 species). Direct ELISAs were performed to detect total IgY using goat anti-passerine IgY, goat anti-chicken IgY or goat anti-bird IgY secondary antibodies.The anti-passerine antibody exhibited significantly higher IgY reactivity compared to the anti-chicken and/or anti-bird antibodies in 80% of the passerine families tested. Birds in the order Piciformes (woodpeckers) and order Suliformes (cormorants) were poorly detected by all three secondary antibodies. A comparison of serum and plasma IgY levels was made within the same individuals for two passerine species (house finch and white-crowned sparrow), and serum exhibited significantly more IgY than the plasma for all three secondary antibodies. This result indicates that serum may be preferred to plasma when measuring total antibody levels in blood.This study indicates that the anti-passerine IgY secondary antibody can effectively be used in immunological assays to detect passerine IgY for species in most passerine families and is preferred over anti-chicken and anti-bird secondary antibodies for the majority of passerine species. This anti-passerine antibody will allow for more accurate detection and quantification of IgY in more wild bird species than was possible with previously available secondary antibodies.

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SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF VESPER SPARROWS (POOECETES GRAMINEUS) TO WEST NILE VIRUS: A POTENTIAL AMPLIFICATION HOST IN SAGEBRUSH-GRASSLAND HABITAT

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

Transcriptional response to West Nile virus infection in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

Immunoglobulin detection in wild birds: effectiveness of three secondary anti‐avian IgY antibodies in direct ELISAs in 41 avian species

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