“…In the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP), several studies have provided the foundation for evaluating the history of ENSO throughout the Holocene and last glacial period using δ 18 O values from corals or mollusks (Carré et al, ; Dunbar et al, ), marine foraminiferal assemblages and δ 18 O values (Koutavas et al, ; Koutavas et al, ; Koutavas et al, ; Lea et al, ; Loubere et al, ), and other lacustrine mineralogical, sedimentological, and biological analyses (Conroy et al, ; Conroy et al, ; Moy et al, ; Riedinger et al, ). More recent Galápagos lacustrine sediment records of biomarker hydrogen isotope ratios derived from aquatic algae, cyanobacteria, and dinoflagellates have provided information on the nature of past Galápagos precipitation (Atwood & Sachs, ; Nelson and Sachs, ; Sachs et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Such records are interpreted to reflect past rainfall amount partly due to the well‐known manifestation of the isotopic “amount effect”: the inverse correlation between precipitation amount and the ratio of heavy to light oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in tropical precipitation (Dansgaard, ; Rozanski et al, ).…”